Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations Flashcards
1
Q
What is APIE and what is the purpose of it?
A
- Analyze
- Plan
- Implement
- Evaluate
It is a four step response model used in hazardous material incidents of allsizes and complexities.
2
Q
What does the Analyze in the hazmat response model APIE describe?
A
At this stage of the incident, first responders are trying to understand the incident. They gather as much information regarding the incident as possible.
3
Q
What does the Plan in the four step APIE hazmat response model describe?
A
-INformation gathered during the analyze phase is used to develop an incident action plan.
4
Q
What does the Implement in the four step APIE hazmat response model describe?
A
Required actions have been determined during the planning phase, and now they are being implemented.
5
Q
What occurs during the Evaluate phase of APIE?
A
The effects of the implementation phase are evaluated to determine if they are sufficient or if other actions are required.
6
Q
What are hazardous materials called in Canada?
A
dangerous goods
7
Q
What does WMD mean?
A
Weapons of mass destruction
8
Q
What are the five most common causes of dangerous goods incidents?
A
- Human error
- Mechanical breakdown
- Container failures
- Transportation accidents
- Deliberate acts
9
Q
True or false, exposure to dangerous goods are classified as either chronic or acute.
A
True
10
Q
List the four routes of entry through which dangerous goods can enter the body.
A
- Inhalation - Most common exposure route
- Ingestion - Eating something with dangerous goods residue
- Absorption - Enters through the skina dn eyes
- Injection - Dangerous goods present on sharp objects can transfer to your body if you are cut by them.
11
Q
List the three mechanisms of harm
A
- Corrosivity
- Toxicity
- Energy release - Heat, Mechanical energy, Pressure, Electricity, Chemical, Radiation
12
Q
True or false, dangerous goods in a solid state require a larger evacuation radius than liquid and gas.
A
False, gas requires a radius of 100 meters because they are the most mobile, liquid requires 50 meters and solid require 25 meters as a rule of thumb.
13
Q
What are typically the most difficult dangerous goods incidents to control?
A
Ones involving gases
14
Q
How can solid dangerous goods act like gases?
A
They can release dust, fumes and powders that are carried by the wind.
15
Q
Will a vapor with a density of 1.5 rise above or sink below the air in the atmosphere?
A
Sink below
16
Q
True or false, materials with a specific gravity of less than 1 will sink in water.
A
False
17
Q
True or false, most flammable liquids have a specific gravity of less than 1
A
True
18
Q
What is the persistence of a substance?
A
It’s ability to persist in the environment
19
Q
What defines a highly flammable substance?
A
Its flash point is less than 38C
20
Q
What defines an explosive substance?
A
A substance designed to have a high and rapid chemical energy release.
21
Q
What defines a polymerizable substance?
A
Capable of undergoing sef-reactions that release energy
22
Q
What defines a strong oxydizing agent?
A
They are able to accept electrons from a wide range of substances. While there is little danger from oxidizers themselves, if they come in contact with a reducing agent the result will be energetic.
23
Q
What defines a strong reducing agent?
A
They give electrons to oxidizers in energetic reactions. EX: alkaline metals
24
Q
What defines a water reactive substance?
A
One that reacts rapidly or violently with water. EX: Alkaline metals
25
What defines an air reactive substance?
One that reacts when in contact with air. Ex: A;kali metals
26
What defines a peroxidizable substance?
They react with oxygen and for peroxides.
27
What defines a radioactive material?
One that continuously emits ions that can be harmful to the body.
28
List the four types of ionizing radiation.
- Alpha
- Beta
- Gamma
- Neutron
29
.List the three ways in which you can protect yourself from radiation if you are exposed to it/
- Time - Spend as little time as possible in areas with harmful radiation.
- Distance - Stay as far away from radiation sources as possible. If you must get close, remember how close you got and for how long to keep track of your exposure.
- Shielding - Try to keep something between yourself and the radiation source at all times.
30
Nephrotoxicants target the:
Kidneys
31
Hemotoxicants target the:
Blood
32
Neurotoxicants target the:
Nervous system
33
Hepatotoxicants target the:
Liver
34
Immunotoxicants target the:
Immune system
35
Endocrine toxicants target the :
Endocrine system
36
musculoskeletal toxicants target the:
Muskuloskeletal system
37
Respiratory toxicants target the:
respiratory system
38
Mutagens target:
DNA
39
teratogens target the:
Embryo and fetus
40
Carcinogens target:
The whole body
41
What are convulsants?
They cause muscle convulsions.
42
What are rickettsias?
They are gastrointestinal bacteria that are transfered from tick bites.
43
list the steps in the common dangerous goods incidents.
- Stress - container is under stress
- Breach - Dangerous goods container has failed
- Release - dangerous goods are released from breached container.
- Dispersion - Dangerous goods move away from container
- Exposure - People, structures and the environment are exposed to the dangerous good
- Harm - Exposure results in harm.
44
True or false, extreme cold can cause stress to dangerous goods containers.
True
45
List the three types of stress that containers could experience.
- Thermal
- Chemical
- Mechanical
46
True or false, more than one stress factor can influence the conatianer at once.
True
47
List the five types of breaches.
- Disintegration
- Runaway cracking
- Attachments
- Puntures
- Split or tear
48
What are the four types of release and how are they classified?
They are classified by how fast they occur
- Detonation
- Violent rupture
- Rapid relief
- Spill/leak
49
What are the seven dispersion patterns?
- Hemispheric
- Cloud
- Plume
- Cone
- Stream
- Pool
- Irregular
50
What seven exposures should you concider in a dangerous goods spill?
- People
- Environment
- Property
- Immediate
- Short-term
- Medium-term
- Longterm
51
List the seven clues to the presence of dangerous goods.
- Occupancy types
- Container shapes
- Transportation placards, labels and markings
- Other markings
- Written resources
- Sense
- Monitoring
52
Where are dangerous goods incidents most likely to occur?
- Ports
- Piers/docks
- Railroad siddings
- Airplane hangars
- Truck terminals
53
List the five tranportation modes where accidents are likely to occur more frequently.
- Roadways
- Railways
- Waterways
- Airways
- Pipelines
54
What environmental factor do firefighters working in cities near water need to concider as a risk of dangerous goods spill?
River flooding and high tide events.
55
Are cryogenic tanks usuallu kept at high or low pressure?
Both
56
What defines a bulk package for gas, liquid, and solid?
Gas > 500 kg
Liquid > 474 L
Solid > 440 kg
57
What are the two specifications used to standardize dangerous goods tranportation?
```
Motor carrier (MC)
Transoirt Canada (TC)
```
58
What is the carrying capacity of a rail car?
15 000 L to 129 000 L
59
What are the three types of rail tank cars?
- -Low pressure tank cars
- Pressure tank cars
- Cryogenic liquid tank cars
60
What three types of markings are required on all rail tank cars?
- Reporting Marks - They show the company that owns the tanks. They can be contacted for information about what is inside the tanks. All tanks have a designated number.
- Capacity Marks show the load barring capacity of the tanks usually in gallons and liters, pounds and kilos.
- Specification markings indicate the standards to which the tanks was built.
61
What are the four types of freight containers?
- Dry van
- Refrigerated
- Open top
- Flat
62
What are the two types of bulk facility pressure tanks?
- Horizontal
| - Spherical
63
What is the evacuation distance for high pressure tanks that are in danger of BLEVE?
1600 meters
64
True or false, the national regulations state that a cylindrical vessel must have a specific colour for the load it is carrying.
False, companies have their own colour coding but there is no national regulations.
65
What defines a cryogen?
A gas that turns into liquid at of below -90C at sea level pressure.
66
What are the two main dangers associated with cryogens?
Freezing and asphyxiation as cryogens displace oxygen.
67
True or false. If a cryogenic container's pressure release valve is activated, it always means that there is a BLEVE about to occur.
False, normal cryogenic tank functions include the occational pressure release.
68
What is a Dewar flask?
A small, non-bulk. umpressurized, insulated container used for transporting small amounts of cryogenic materials.
69
If a container has a domed roof, what type of container is it?
It is most likely a low-pressure storage tank that contains toxic or flammable liquids
70
What percentage of a storage tanks needs to be undergroung for it to be concidered and underground storage tank?
10%
71
What are the four types of container transportation models?
- Highway
- Rail
- Water
- Multiple modes
72
What type of container has ring stiffiners and slightly curved edges on a cylindrical horizontal body?
-Corrosive liquid tanks
73
What is the definition of an intermodal container?
It can be transported by rail, highway or ship.
74
What kinds of dangerous goods containers have rounded ends?
Pressurized containers
75
What type of containers have bolted manways?
Pressurized containers
76
What kind of pressure container has multiple long and thin tubes?
Compressed gas tube-trailer
77
What ty[e of pressure container has concave ends?
Ton container
78
What type of container has multiple sausage shaped containers lined up parallel to each other?
Y-Cylinders
79
What are propane, anhydrous ammonia, and butane typically tranported in?
high-pressure "Bobtail tanks."
80
What type of container typically carries low pressure chemicals or flammable liquids on the highway?
MC-307 or TC-407 Low pressure cargo tanks
81
What types of containers carry gasoline?
Nonpressure cargo tanks TC-406
82
What are high hazard flammable trains?
Trains carrying multiple containers with crude oil, ethanol, and other class 3 products.
83
What is the difference between a TC 111 tank and a TC 117 tank?
They both carry dangerous goods under low pressure, but TC 117 is a newer version.
84
True or false, IM 101 portable tanks are slowly being removed from service.
False, it is the IM 102 portable tanks that are slowly being removed from service.
85
Are solids-holding containers more likely to be damaged from mechanical stressors or physical properties?
Mechanical stressors
86
What are the five potential results of releases of reactive solids?
- Spills and leaks
- Detonation
- Violent ruptures
- Clouds, cones, or via irregular dispersion
- Explosions
87
What is the difference between dry-bulk carriers and covered hoppers?
Both are used for carrying dry goods, but dry-bulf typically has a W or V shaped bottom for unloading, covered hoppers are more boxy.
88
What are the five kinds of radioactive material containers?
- Excepted - Transports negligable radioactivity. Does not require many labels necessary on other RAMs.
- Industrial - Transports lightly radioactive materials like contaminated clothing.
- Type A - Transports mildly radioctive materials like radiopharmaceuticals. Must be durable.
- Type B - Transports materials with radiactive materials that could harm people and the environment. Must be very durable
- Type C - Transports the most radioactive materials by airplane. Must be able to withstand a plane crash.
89
What are the three vessel cargo carrier types?
- Tankers
- Cargo vessel
- Barges
90
What are the three types of tankers?
- Petroleum
- Chemical
- Liquified flammable gas
91
What are the four types of cargo vessels?
- Bulk carries for liquid or solid
- Break bulk carriers carry a varriety of materials
- Container vessels carry standard intermodal containers
- Roll-on/roll-off vessels
92
True or false, Barges have two huge diesel engines.
False, barges are not self-propelled. They require a pushing or pulling mechanism.
93
What are ULDs?
Unit Loading Devices are container of pallets used to consolidate air cargo into one unit.
94
What are the weight and size restrictions for IBCs?
Intermediate Bulk Containers cannot be more than 3 m3, or less than 0.45 m3. It has a max weight of 400 kgs or 3000 L
95
What are the two types of drum tops?
- Open heads
| - Tight heads
96
What is a class 1 dangerous good?
Explosives
97
What is a class 2 dangerous good?
Gases
98
What is a class 3 dangerous good?
Flammable liquid
99
What is a class 4 dangerous good?
Flammable solids, spontaneous combustion, ignite in contact with water
100
What is a class 5 dangerous good?
Oxidizing Substances and organic compounds
101
What is a class 6 dangerous good?
Toxic and infectious substances
102
What is a class 7 dangerous good?
Radioactive materials
103
Whatis a class 8 dangerous good?
Corrosive substances
104
What is a class 9 dangerous good?
Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles
105
True or false, Canada, Mexico and the US use the classes recommended by the UN, but they do not use their labels, placards or markings.
True (p. 1151)
106
What hazard does an orange placard represent?
Explosive
107
What hazard does a yellow placard represent?
Oxidizer/reactive
108
What hazard does a red placard represent?
Flammable
109
What hazard does a white placard represent?
Health hazard
110
What hazard does a blue placard represent?
Water reactive
111
What hazard does a green placard represent?
Nonflammable gas
112
True or false, a placard is not required for transportation fo infectious substances
True, nor is it required for ORM-Ds, MOT, limited quatities, lightly radioactive, nonbulk combustible liquids (p.1154)
113
True or false, a farmer must label their farming equipment with the proper placards if they are moving fertilizer on the road between fields.
False
114
Is the military required to identify what dangerous goods are on board if they are in large quantities?
no
115
At what temperatures are containers transporting solids given an H for hot?
240 C
116
At what temperatures are containers transporting liquids given an H for hot?
100 C
117
At what temperatures are containers transporting liquids with a flash point of 38 C given an H for hot?
38 C
118
List the four hazards associated with explosions.
- Shock wave - possitive and negetive pressure
- Fragmentation
- Seismic effect
- Incendiary thermal effect
119
What are the five hazards associated with gases?
- Heat hazards
- Asphyxiation hazards
- Cold hazards
- Mechanical hazards
- Chemical hazards
120
What are the six hazards associated with flammable liquids?
- Thermal hazards
- Asphyxiation
- Chemical hazards
- Mechanical hazards
- Vapors
- Environmental hazards
121
What are the three divisions of Class 4?
- Flammable solids
- Spontaneously combustible materials
- Dangerous when wet
122
What are organic peroxides and why are they dangerous goods?
They are oxidizers that are particularily prone to reactions. They are a fuel and an oxidizer.
123
At what temperature do organic peroxides become dangerous?
At the self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT).
124
Where can you find the SADT of organic peroxides and other chemicals?
The safety data sheet
125
True or false, a packing group 3 is more poisonous than a packing group 1.
False
126
True or false, a radioactive 1 label is used for transportation of high radioactivity, and radioactive 3 label is used for low radioactivity.
False.
127
Corrosive materials can also have other hazardous properties, which of the following can it not have?
Toxicity, flammability, reactivity, explosivity, radioactivity, oxidizer.
Radioactivity
128
What defines a dangerous good that is in class 9?
A good that is dangerous because it can cause harm to people or the environment, but does not fall under any of the other classes.
129
What does this TC placard represent?
Class 1.1 - Mass Explosion Hazards
130
What does this TC placard represent?
Class 1.2 - Projection Hazard but not a mass explosion hazard.
131
What does this TC placard represent?
Class 1.3 - Fire hazard and wither a minor blast hazard or a minor projection hazard or both but not a mass explosion hazard
132
What does this TC placard represent?
Class 1.4 - No significant hazard beyond the package in the event of ignition or initiation during transport
133
What does this TC placard represent?
Class 1.5 - Very insensitive substances with a mass explosion hazard
134
What does this TC placard represent?
Class 1.6 - Extremely insensitive articles with no mass explosion hazard
135
What does this TC placard represent?
Class 2.1 - Flammable gases
136
What does this TC placard represent?
Class 2.2 - Nonflammable and nontoxic Gases
137
What does this TC placard represent?
Class 2.3 - Toxic Gases
138
What does this TC placard represent?
Oxidizing Gases
139
What does this TC placard represent?
Anhydrous Ammonia
140
What does this TC placard represent?
Class 3 - Flammable liquids
141
What does this TC placard represent?
Class 4.1 - Flammable solids
142
What does this TC placard represent?
Class 4.2 - Substances Liable to Spontaneous Combustion
143
What does this TC placard represent?
Class 4.3 - Water-reactive Substances
144
What does this TC placard represent?
Class 5.1 - Oxidizing Substances
145
What does this TC placard represent?
Class 5.2 - Organic Peroxides
| This photo might be out of data
146
What does this TC placard represent?
Class 6.1 - Toxic Substances
147
What does this TC placard represent?
Class 6.2 - Infectious Substances
148
What does this TC placard represent?
Class 6.2 - Infectious Substances
149
What does this TC placard represent?
Class 7 - Radioactive Materials - Catagory 1
150
What does this TC placard represent?
Class 7 - Radioactive Materials - Catagory 2
151
What does this TC placard represent?
Class 7 - Radioactive Materials - Catagory 3
152
What does this TC placard represent?
Class 8 - Corrosives
153
What does this TC placard represent?
Class 9 - Miscellaneous Porducts, Substances, or Organisms
154
What does this TC placard represent?
Danger
155
What does this TC placard represent?
Marine Pollutant
156
In the NFPA 704 rating system, is 0 or 4 the highest hazard?
4
157
In the NFPA 704 hazard diamond shaped sign, what are the four catagories of hazards, what are their colours, and where are they placed?
On the bottom is either water reactivity or oxidizer in white
On the left is the Health rating from 0 to 4 in blue
On the top is the flammability rating from 0 to 4 in red
On the right is the instability rating from 0 to 4 in yellow
158
What does this symbol of the Globally Harmonized System represent?
Veriety of Health hazards
159
What seven things do pesticide labels require?
- Pest control product (PCP) number
- Hazard statement
- Pctogram
- Precautionary Statement
- Production identifiers
- Signal Word
- Supplier identification
160
In general, what do red, orange, yellow, green, and blue signs indicate in Canada and the U.S.?
```
Red- Danger of stop
Orange - Warning for energized equipment of crush hazard
Yellow - Caution
Green - Safety
Blue - Safety equipment signage
```
161
True or false, there is no difference in the rate of spread of a dangerous good from the daytime to the nighttime.
False, the day is typically warmer and windier.
162
How many sections are there in an SDS?
16
