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Essentials of Fire Fighting > Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations > Flashcards

Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations Flashcards

1
Q

What is APIE and what is the purpose of it?

A
  • Analyze
  • Plan
  • Implement
  • Evaluate

It is a four step response model used in hazardous material incidents of allsizes and complexities.

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2
Q

What does the Analyze in the hazmat response model APIE describe?

A

At this stage of the incident, first responders are trying to understand the incident. They gather as much information regarding the incident as possible.

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3
Q

What does the Plan in the four step APIE hazmat response model describe?

A

-INformation gathered during the analyze phase is used to develop an incident action plan.

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4
Q

What does the Implement in the four step APIE hazmat response model describe?

A

Required actions have been determined during the planning phase, and now they are being implemented.

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5
Q

What occurs during the Evaluate phase of APIE?

A

The effects of the implementation phase are evaluated to determine if they are sufficient or if other actions are required.

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6
Q

What are hazardous materials called in Canada?

A

dangerous goods

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7
Q

What does WMD mean?

A

Weapons of mass destruction

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8
Q

What are the five most common causes of dangerous goods incidents?

A
  • Human error
  • Mechanical breakdown
  • Container failures
  • Transportation accidents
  • Deliberate acts
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9
Q

True or false, exposure to dangerous goods are classified as either chronic or acute.

A

True

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10
Q

List the four routes of entry through which dangerous goods can enter the body.

A
  • Inhalation - Most common exposure route
  • Ingestion - Eating something with dangerous goods residue
  • Absorption - Enters through the skina dn eyes
  • Injection - Dangerous goods present on sharp objects can transfer to your body if you are cut by them.
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11
Q

List the three mechanisms of harm

A
  • Corrosivity
  • Toxicity
  • Energy release - Heat, Mechanical energy, Pressure, Electricity, Chemical, Radiation
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12
Q

True or false, dangerous goods in a solid state require a larger evacuation radius than liquid and gas.

A

False, gas requires a radius of 100 meters because they are the most mobile, liquid requires 50 meters and solid require 25 meters as a rule of thumb.

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13
Q

What are typically the most difficult dangerous goods incidents to control?

A

Ones involving gases

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14
Q

How can solid dangerous goods act like gases?

A

They can release dust, fumes and powders that are carried by the wind.

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15
Q

Will a vapor with a density of 1.5 rise above or sink below the air in the atmosphere?

A

Sink below

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16
Q

True or false, materials with a specific gravity of less than 1 will sink in water.

A

False

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17
Q

True or false, most flammable liquids have a specific gravity of less than 1

A

True

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18
Q

What is the persistence of a substance?

A

It’s ability to persist in the environment

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19
Q

What defines a highly flammable substance?

A

Its flash point is less than 38C

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20
Q

What defines an explosive substance?

A

A substance designed to have a high and rapid chemical energy release.

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21
Q

What defines a polymerizable substance?

A

Capable of undergoing sef-reactions that release energy

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22
Q

What defines a strong oxydizing agent?

A

They are able to accept electrons from a wide range of substances. While there is little danger from oxidizers themselves, if they come in contact with a reducing agent the result will be energetic.

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23
Q

What defines a strong reducing agent?

A

They give electrons to oxidizers in energetic reactions. EX: alkaline metals

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24
Q

What defines a water reactive substance?

A

One that reacts rapidly or violently with water. EX: Alkaline metals

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25
Q

What defines an air reactive substance?

A

One that reacts when in contact with air. Ex: A;kali metals

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26
Q

What defines a peroxidizable substance?

A

They react with oxygen and for peroxides.

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27
Q

What defines a radioactive material?

A

One that continuously emits ions that can be harmful to the body.

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28
Q

List the four types of ionizing radiation.

A
  • Alpha
  • Beta
  • Gamma
  • Neutron
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29
Q

.List the three ways in which you can protect yourself from radiation if you are exposed to it/

A
  • Time - Spend as little time as possible in areas with harmful radiation.
  • Distance - Stay as far away from radiation sources as possible. If you must get close, remember how close you got and for how long to keep track of your exposure.
  • Shielding - Try to keep something between yourself and the radiation source at all times.
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30
Q

Nephrotoxicants target the:

A

Kidneys

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31
Q

Hemotoxicants target the:

A

Blood

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32
Q

Neurotoxicants target the:

A

Nervous system

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33
Q

Hepatotoxicants target the:

A

Liver

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34
Q

Immunotoxicants target the:

A

Immune system

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35
Q

Endocrine toxicants target the :

A

Endocrine system

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36
Q

musculoskeletal toxicants target the:

A

Muskuloskeletal system

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37
Q

Respiratory toxicants target the:

A

respiratory system

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38
Q

Mutagens target:

A

DNA

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39
Q

teratogens target the:

A

Embryo and fetus

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40
Q

Carcinogens target:

A

The whole body

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41
Q

What are convulsants?

A

They cause muscle convulsions.

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42
Q

What are rickettsias?

A

They are gastrointestinal bacteria that are transfered from tick bites.

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43
Q

list the steps in the common dangerous goods incidents.

A
  • Stress - container is under stress
  • Breach - Dangerous goods container has failed
  • Release - dangerous goods are released from breached container.
  • Dispersion - Dangerous goods move away from container
  • Exposure - People, structures and the environment are exposed to the dangerous good
  • Harm - Exposure results in harm.
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44
Q

True or false, extreme cold can cause stress to dangerous goods containers.

A

True

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45
Q

List the three types of stress that containers could experience.

A
  • Thermal
  • Chemical
  • Mechanical
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46
Q

True or false, more than one stress factor can influence the conatianer at once.

A

True

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47
Q

List the five types of breaches.

A
  • Disintegration
  • Runaway cracking
  • Attachments
  • Puntures
  • Split or tear
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48
Q

What are the four types of release and how are they classified?

A

They are classified by how fast they occur

  • Detonation
  • Violent rupture
  • Rapid relief
  • Spill/leak
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49
Q

What are the seven dispersion patterns?

A
  • Hemispheric
  • Cloud
  • Plume
  • Cone
  • Stream
  • Pool
  • Irregular
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50
Q

What seven exposures should you concider in a dangerous goods spill?

A
  • People
  • Environment
  • Property
  • Immediate
  • Short-term
  • Medium-term
  • Longterm
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51
Q

List the seven clues to the presence of dangerous goods.

A
  • Occupancy types
  • Container shapes
  • Transportation placards, labels and markings
  • Other markings
  • Written resources
  • Sense
  • Monitoring
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52
Q

Where are dangerous goods incidents most likely to occur?

A
  • Ports
  • Piers/docks
  • Railroad siddings
  • Airplane hangars
  • Truck terminals
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53
Q

List the five tranportation modes where accidents are likely to occur more frequently.

A
  • Roadways
  • Railways
  • Waterways
  • Airways
  • Pipelines
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54
Q

What environmental factor do firefighters working in cities near water need to concider as a risk of dangerous goods spill?

A

River flooding and high tide events.

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55
Q

Are cryogenic tanks usuallu kept at high or low pressure?

A

Both

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56
Q

What defines a bulk package for gas, liquid, and solid?

A

Gas > 500 kg
Liquid > 474 L
Solid > 440 kg

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57
Q

What are the two specifications used to standardize dangerous goods tranportation?

A 
Motor carrier (MC)
Transoirt Canada (TC)
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58
Q

What is the carrying capacity of a rail car?

A

15 000 L to 129 000 L

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59
Q

What are the three types of rail tank cars?

A
  • -Low pressure tank cars
  • Pressure tank cars
  • Cryogenic liquid tank cars
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60
Q

What three types of markings are required on all rail tank cars?

A
  • Reporting Marks - They show the company that owns the tanks. They can be contacted for information about what is inside the tanks. All tanks have a designated number.
  • Capacity Marks show the load barring capacity of the tanks usually in gallons and liters, pounds and kilos.
  • Specification markings indicate the standards to which the tanks was built.
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61
Q

What are the four types of freight containers?

A
  • Dry van
  • Refrigerated
  • Open top
  • Flat
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62
Q

What are the two types of bulk facility pressure tanks?

A
  • Horizontal

- Spherical

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63
Q

What is the evacuation distance for high pressure tanks that are in danger of BLEVE?

A

1600 meters

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64
Q

True or false, the national regulations state that a cylindrical vessel must have a specific colour for the load it is carrying.

A

False, companies have their own colour coding but there is no national regulations.

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65
Q

What defines a cryogen?

A

A gas that turns into liquid at of below -90C at sea level pressure.

66
Q

What are the two main dangers associated with cryogens?

A

Freezing and asphyxiation as cryogens displace oxygen.

67
Q

True or false. If a cryogenic container’s pressure release valve is activated, it always means that there is a BLEVE about to occur.

A

False, normal cryogenic tank functions include the occational pressure release.

68
Q

What is a Dewar flask?

A

A small, non-bulk. umpressurized, insulated container used for transporting small amounts of cryogenic materials.

69
Q

If a container has a domed roof, what type of container is it?

A

It is most likely a low-pressure storage tank that contains toxic or flammable liquids

70
Q

What percentage of a storage tanks needs to be undergroung for it to be concidered and underground storage tank?

A

10%

71
Q

What are the four types of container transportation models?

A
  • Highway
  • Rail
  • Water
  • Multiple modes
72
Q

What type of container has ring stiffiners and slightly curved edges on a cylindrical horizontal body?

A

-Corrosive liquid tanks

73
Q

What is the definition of an intermodal container?

A

It can be transported by rail, highway or ship.

74
Q

What kinds of dangerous goods containers have rounded ends?

A

Pressurized containers

75
Q

What type of containers have bolted manways?

A

Pressurized containers

76
Q

What kind of pressure container has multiple long and thin tubes?

A

Compressed gas tube-trailer

77
Q

What ty[e of pressure container has concave ends?

A

Ton container

78
Q

What type of container has multiple sausage shaped containers lined up parallel to each other?

A

Y-Cylinders

79
Q

What are propane, anhydrous ammonia, and butane typically tranported in?

A

high-pressure “Bobtail tanks.”

80
Q

What type of container typically carries low pressure chemicals or flammable liquids on the highway?

A

MC-307 or TC-407 Low pressure cargo tanks

81
Q

What types of containers carry gasoline?

A

Nonpressure cargo tanks TC-406

82
Q

What are high hazard flammable trains?

A

Trains carrying multiple containers with crude oil, ethanol, and other class 3 products.

83
Q

What is the difference between a TC 111 tank and a TC 117 tank?

A

They both carry dangerous goods under low pressure, but TC 117 is a newer version.

84
Q

True or false, IM 101 portable tanks are slowly being removed from service.

A

False, it is the IM 102 portable tanks that are slowly being removed from service.

85
Q

Are solids-holding containers more likely to be damaged from mechanical stressors or physical properties?

A

Mechanical stressors

86
Q

What are the five potential results of releases of reactive solids?

A
  • Spills and leaks
  • Detonation
  • Violent ruptures
  • Clouds, cones, or via irregular dispersion
  • Explosions
87
Q

What is the difference between dry-bulk carriers and covered hoppers?

A

Both are used for carrying dry goods, but dry-bulf typically has a W or V shaped bottom for unloading, covered hoppers are more boxy.

88
Q

What are the five kinds of radioactive material containers?

A
  • Excepted - Transports negligable radioactivity. Does not require many labels necessary on other RAMs.
  • Industrial - Transports lightly radioactive materials like contaminated clothing.
  • Type A - Transports mildly radioctive materials like radiopharmaceuticals. Must be durable.
  • Type B - Transports materials with radiactive materials that could harm people and the environment. Must be very durable
  • Type C - Transports the most radioactive materials by airplane. Must be able to withstand a plane crash.
89
Q

What are the three vessel cargo carrier types?

A
  • Tankers
  • Cargo vessel
  • Barges
90
Q

What are the three types of tankers?

A
  • Petroleum
  • Chemical
  • Liquified flammable gas
91
Q

What are the four types of cargo vessels?

A
  • Bulk carries for liquid or solid
  • Break bulk carriers carry a varriety of materials
  • Container vessels carry standard intermodal containers
  • Roll-on/roll-off vessels
92
Q

True or false, Barges have two huge diesel engines.

A

False, barges are not self-propelled. They require a pushing or pulling mechanism.

93
Q

What are ULDs?

A

Unit Loading Devices are container of pallets used to consolidate air cargo into one unit.

94
Q

What are the weight and size restrictions for IBCs?

A

Intermediate Bulk Containers cannot be more than 3 m3, or less than 0.45 m3. It has a max weight of 400 kgs or 3000 L

95
Q

What are the two types of drum tops?

A
  • Open heads

- Tight heads

96
Q

What is a class 1 dangerous good?

A

Explosives

97
Q

What is a class 2 dangerous good?

A

Gases

98
Q

What is a class 3 dangerous good?

A

Flammable liquid

99
Q

What is a class 4 dangerous good?

A

Flammable solids, spontaneous combustion, ignite in contact with water

100
Q

What is a class 5 dangerous good?

A

Oxidizing Substances and organic compounds

101
Q

What is a class 6 dangerous good?

A

Toxic and infectious substances

102
Q

What is a class 7 dangerous good?

A

Radioactive materials

103
Q

Whatis a class 8 dangerous good?

A

Corrosive substances

104
Q

What is a class 9 dangerous good?

A

Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles

105
Q

True or false, Canada, Mexico and the US use the classes recommended by the UN, but they do not use their labels, placards or markings.

A

True (p. 1151)

106
Q

What hazard does an orange placard represent?

A

Explosive

107
Q

What hazard does a yellow placard represent?

A

Oxidizer/reactive

108
Q

What hazard does a red placard represent?

A

Flammable

109
Q

What hazard does a white placard represent?

A

Health hazard

110
Q

What hazard does a blue placard represent?

A

Water reactive

111
Q

What hazard does a green placard represent?

A

Nonflammable gas

112
Q

True or false, a placard is not required for transportation fo infectious substances

A

True, nor is it required for ORM-Ds, MOT, limited quatities, lightly radioactive, nonbulk combustible liquids (p.1154)

113
Q

True or false, a farmer must label their farming equipment with the proper placards if they are moving fertilizer on the road between fields.

A

False

114
Q

Is the military required to identify what dangerous goods are on board if they are in large quantities?

A

no

115
Q

At what temperatures are containers transporting solids given an H for hot?

A

240 C

116
Q

At what temperatures are containers transporting liquids given an H for hot?

A

100 C

117
Q

At what temperatures are containers transporting liquids with a flash point of 38 C given an H for hot?

A

38 C

118
Q

List the four hazards associated with explosions.

A
  • Shock wave - possitive and negetive pressure
  • Fragmentation
  • Seismic effect
  • Incendiary thermal effect
119
Q

What are the five hazards associated with gases?

A
  • Heat hazards
  • Asphyxiation hazards
  • Cold hazards
  • Mechanical hazards
  • Chemical hazards
120
Q

What are the six hazards associated with flammable liquids?

A
  • Thermal hazards
  • Asphyxiation
  • Chemical hazards
  • Mechanical hazards
  • Vapors
  • Environmental hazards
121
Q

What are the three divisions of Class 4?

A
  • Flammable solids
  • Spontaneously combustible materials
  • Dangerous when wet
122
Q

What are organic peroxides and why are they dangerous goods?

A

They are oxidizers that are particularily prone to reactions. They are a fuel and an oxidizer.

123
Q

At what temperature do organic peroxides become dangerous?

A

At the self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT).

124
Q

Where can you find the SADT of organic peroxides and other chemicals?

A

The safety data sheet

125
Q

True or false, a packing group 3 is more poisonous than a packing group 1.

A

False

126
Q

True or false, a radioactive 1 label is used for transportation of high radioactivity, and radioactive 3 label is used for low radioactivity.

A

False.

127
Q

Corrosive materials can also have other hazardous properties, which of the following can it not have?
Toxicity, flammability, reactivity, explosivity, radioactivity, oxidizer.

A

Radioactivity

128
Q

What defines a dangerous good that is in class 9?

A

A good that is dangerous because it can cause harm to people or the environment, but does not fall under any of the other classes.

129
Q

What does this TC placard represent?

A

Class 1.1 - Mass Explosion Hazards

130
Q

What does this TC placard represent?

A

Class 1.2 - Projection Hazard but not a mass explosion hazard.

131
Q

What does this TC placard represent?

A

Class 1.3 - Fire hazard and wither a minor blast hazard or a minor projection hazard or both but not a mass explosion hazard

132
Q

What does this TC placard represent?

A

Class 1.4 - No significant hazard beyond the package in the event of ignition or initiation during transport

133
Q

What does this TC placard represent?

A

Class 1.5 - Very insensitive substances with a mass explosion hazard

134
Q

What does this TC placard represent?

A

Class 1.6 - Extremely insensitive articles with no mass explosion hazard

135
Q

What does this TC placard represent?

A

Class 2.1 - Flammable gases

136
Q

What does this TC placard represent?

A

Class 2.2 - Nonflammable and nontoxic Gases

137
Q

What does this TC placard represent?

A

Class 2.3 - Toxic Gases

138
Q

What does this TC placard represent?

A

Oxidizing Gases

139
Q

What does this TC placard represent?

A

Anhydrous Ammonia

140
Q

What does this TC placard represent?

A

Class 3 - Flammable liquids

141
Q

What does this TC placard represent?

A

Class 4.1 - Flammable solids

142
Q

What does this TC placard represent?

A

Class 4.2 - Substances Liable to Spontaneous Combustion

143
Q

What does this TC placard represent?

A

Class 4.3 - Water-reactive Substances

144
Q

What does this TC placard represent?

A

Class 5.1 - Oxidizing Substances

145
Q

What does this TC placard represent?

A

Class 5.2 - Organic Peroxides

This photo might be out of data

146
Q

What does this TC placard represent?

A

Class 6.1 - Toxic Substances

147
Q

What does this TC placard represent?

A

Class 6.2 - Infectious Substances

148
Q

What does this TC placard represent?

A

Class 6.2 - Infectious Substances

149
Q

What does this TC placard represent?

A

Class 7 - Radioactive Materials - Catagory 1

150
Q

What does this TC placard represent?

A

Class 7 - Radioactive Materials - Catagory 2

151
Q

What does this TC placard represent?

A

Class 7 - Radioactive Materials - Catagory 3

152
Q

What does this TC placard represent?

A

Class 8 - Corrosives

153
Q

What does this TC placard represent?

A

Class 9 - Miscellaneous Porducts, Substances, or Organisms

154
Q

What does this TC placard represent?

A

Danger

155
Q

What does this TC placard represent?

A

Marine Pollutant

156
Q

In the NFPA 704 rating system, is 0 or 4 the highest hazard?

A

4

157
Q

In the NFPA 704 hazard diamond shaped sign, what are the four catagories of hazards, what are their colours, and where are they placed?

A

On the bottom is either water reactivity or oxidizer in white
On the left is the Health rating from 0 to 4 in blue
On the top is the flammability rating from 0 to 4 in red
On the right is the instability rating from 0 to 4 in yellow

158
Q

What does this symbol of the Globally Harmonized System represent?

A

Veriety of Health hazards

159
Q

What seven things do pesticide labels require?

A
  • Pest control product (PCP) number
  • Hazard statement
  • Pctogram
  • Precautionary Statement
  • Production identifiers
  • Signal Word
  • Supplier identification
160
Q

In general, what do red, orange, yellow, green, and blue signs indicate in Canada and the U.S.?

A 
Red- Danger of stop
Orange - Warning for energized equipment of crush hazard
Yellow - Caution
Green - Safety
Blue - Safety equipment signage
161
Q

True or false, there is no difference in the rate of spread of a dangerous good from the daytime to the nighttime.

A

False, the day is typically warmer and windier.

162
Q

How many sections are there in an SDS?

A

16

Essentials of Fire Fighting (26 decks)

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