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Essentials of Fire Fighting > Building Construction > Flashcards

Building Construction Flashcards

1
Q

What is the organization that controls fire regulations and building code called in Canada?

A

National Model Construction Codes

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2
Q

What are the advantages of a Type 1 Construction?

A

Highest fire resistance due to noncombustable materials like reinforced concrete, precast concrete and protected steel frames. This type is collapse resistant.

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3
Q

What are some disadvantages of a Type 1 Construction?

A
  • Noncombustable materials can be weaked by fire within the building
  • Compartments can retain heat, which can cause rapid fire spread.
  • Roofs can be extremely difficult to penetrate as they are likely made of steel and concrete.
  • Windows likely cannot be opened for ventilation.
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4
Q

What differentiates a Type 2 Construction from a Type 1 Construction?

A

Type 2 is also made of noncombustable materials, but it does not have as much collapse resistance as Type 1.

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5
Q

What defines a Type 3 Construction?

A
  • Exterior materials are made of noncombustable materials like brick.
  • roofing materials are made entirely or mostly of wood.
  • Trusses and studs are more flamable and more exposed, which will increase the likelyhood of colapse.
  • Fire will readily spread through the building unless fire stops are installed.
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6
Q

What is Type 4 Construction?

A

Buildings made of large timber.

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7
Q

Are Type 4 Construction buildings resistant to fire?

A

They are resistant to collapse, due to their sheer mass, and they are resistant to hidden fires as there is little hidden space, but the wood makes it a non fire resistant material.

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8
Q

What is the difference between a Type 3 and a Type 5 construction?

A
  • A Type 3 has a noncombustable base and walls with a wooden ceiling.
  • A Type 5 has all-wooden framing and ceiling with only a protective outer layer of brick or siding.
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9
Q

Are Contruction Methods more or less important indicators of structural collapse than Size-up, duration of fire, and fireground actions?

A

No

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10
Q

Name some of the factors that have decreased the number of manufactured house fires.

A
  • Smoke alarms
  • Flame retardant materials
  • Safer heating and cooking appliances
  • Gypsum boards
  • Sprinkler systems.
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11
Q

What is a Modular Home?

A

Prefabricated section are delivered and attached to a permanent foundation.

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12
Q

What is a panelized home?

A

Preconstructed panels made of foam sandwiched between two sheets of plywood. No framing is required

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13
Q

What is a Pre-cut Home?

A

A building made of materials that are precut and just have to be assembled.

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14
Q

What is a Hybrid modular structure?

A

Sections of the home are built off site and delivered to the site and placed onto a permanent foundation, then panels are added.

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15
Q

What contruction implementations can reduce the effectiveness of a fire wall?

A

Pipes, wires and ducts that transverse the fire wall can make it void.

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16
Q

Why are Basement fires often the most dangerous?

A

Lack of egress and limited ventilation.

17
Q

How long should an enclosed protected stair be able to resist the spread of fire?

A

1-2 hours

18
Q

How many stories can protected stairs be?

A

Two or more.

19
Q

Should firefighters keep the doors open in pressurized stairwells?

A

No because it may negate the intension of the presurization.

20
Q

What are some disadvantages of an exterior stair case?

A

The weather and sunlight can deteriorate the building materials over time.

21
Q

Should firefighters use fire escapes?

A

No, first we use the interior stairs and then we use ladders. The weight barring capabilities of the fire escape is simply unknown and cannot be risked.

22
Q

How high can unprotected staircases be?

A

No more than one story.

23
Q

What are the four kinds of Arched roofs?

A

Ribbed, Pleated, Lamella, Bowstring

24
Q

What are the two kinds of roof supports?

A

Beams and trusses

25
Q

What is a Gusset Plate?

A

A sheet of metal with spikes on it, used for connecting trusses.

26
Q

What are the three types of Chords?

A
  • Parallel chord truss
  • Arched Chord
  • Pitched Chord
27
Q

Are lightweight steel and wooden trusses expected to last for a long time during a fire?

A

No, due to their slight build, they are quickly affected by fire and usually result in collapse.

28
Q

What are Purlins?

A

They are roof deck componants that support the roof covering.

29
Q

What are the two types of concrete roofs?

A
  • Cast-in-place and precast.

- Both are extremely difficult to penetrate

30
Q

What are Green Roofs?

A

Roofs that are modified to accomidate a garden. Some dangers are that the roof will need to be build stonger or modified to support the extra weight of the garden. During a fire, the roof under the garden can collapse first.

31
Q

What are Cold Roofs?

A

Roofs designed for cold climates. The purpose is to insulate the home from the cold and to insulate the snow on the roof from the heat of the house, so that ice does not form. There are several layers on insulation between the trusses and the shingles.

32
Q

What are Photovoltaics?

A

Solar panels. They present a shock danger to firefighters even when power to the building is shut off. they also pose a triping hazard. avoid contact if possible.

33
Q

What is a Rain or Snow Roof?

A

A roof built on top of an existing roof structure which acts as protection against rain and snow. It poses breaching troubles.

34
Q

What danger do roof mounted objects like HVAC and radio towers pose to firefighters?

A

Collapse

35
Q

Is door design more important than door material?

A

No, design is alsmost insignificant, material determines the protective qualitites of a door

Essentials of Fire Fighting (26 decks)

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