Technical- Fluid Systems

Question 1

What is Slickwater?

Answer 1

Friction reducer + water

Question 2

Which and how many types of linear gel exists?

Answer 2

3 types:

1. Guar gum
2. HPG- Hydroxyl-proyl guar
3. CMHPG- Carboxyl-methyl Hydroxyl-proyl guar

Question 3

Types of Crosslinked fluids

Answer 3

• *Borate**- Shear insensitve can be thermal delied (1,2)
• *Organometallic-** Shear sensitive (400F)
• Titanium (low PH), (3-4)
• Zicronate (high temperature) (5,6,8)

Odd = guar polymer
Even = HPG

8 = CMHPG

1. YF100 – Guar+Borate
2. YF200 – HPG+Borate
3. YF300 – Guar+Titanate
4. YF500 – Guar+Zirc
5. YF800 – CMHPG+Zirconate

Question 4

What is VES?

Answer 4

Viscoelastic Surfactant

Worm like miscelles

Easy to prepare

No need for a PCM

Good retain permeability

Question 5

Describe propant selection

Answer 5

Depends on the closure pressure.

Perforation size needs to be 8-10 times bigger than the biggest grain used, with a minimum width of 3 grain sizes.

1. Roundess
2. Proppant Density
3. Grian size
4. Streght

Question 6

What is Fracture Conductivity?

Answer 6

it is a measure of how well the proppant fracture is able to produce fluids.

Cf= k (prop pack perm) *w (frac width)

Question 7

Perforation Density

Answer 7

the number of perforations could either help or hinder injectivity.

Question 8

What are some things that you can control and cannot control?

Answer 8

1. Uncontrollable:

• K, φ, σ, ε, YM
• P_Rsv
• BHT
• Lithology
• Reservoir Fluid

2.Controllable

1. Perforation Strategy
   
   1. 60deg phasing – 2/3 efficiency
   2. 120deg phasing – 1/2 or 2/3 efficiency if limited # of holes
   3. 180deg phasing – 100% efficiency if stress direction is known
2. Completion Strategy
3. Spacing
4. Fracturing Fluid
5. Proppant Type
6. Equipment