TBI And Spinal SUPP Flashcards
What is coup?
The impact against the object (site of impact)
What is contrecoup?
Sit of impact from the brain tissue hoisting the opposite side of the skull
What are linear skull fractures?
Simple line # without involving the Brain
What are comminuted skull fractures?
Multiple linear #
What are the S/S of anterior fossa basilar skull fractures?
- raccoon eyes (periorbital ecchmosis)
- anosmia (disruption of smell)
- 2nd and 3rd cranial nerve damage
- rhinorhea which is CSF from the nares
What are S/S of middle fossa basilar skull fractures
- may have battle signs (ecchymosis over mastoid bone)
- facial paralysis (cranial nerve 7 damage)
- otorrhea (CSF from ears)
- hemotympanum
Antegrade vs retrograde amnesia
Antegrade: loss of memory related to events that occur after the injury
Retrograde: loss of memory that relates to events that occurred before a traumatic event
What are the two types of cerebral edema?
- Cytotoxic
- Vasogenic
What is cytotoxic cerebral edema?
Failure of the sodium potassium pump and the sodium pooling in the cell
What is vasogenic cerebral edema?
Edema that results by damaged cerebral blood vessels due to increased permeability of the cerebral cappilaries and increased osmotic pressure
Cingulate herniation
Cerebral mass compresses vessels
Transcalvarial herniation
-brain tissue herniates through the fractured skull
Central transtentorial herniation
- herniation occurs downwards compressing brain stem
Uncal herniation
Involves the temporal lobe
- movement down through the tentorial notch and compresses the 3rd cranial nerve
- causes a unilateral dialated pupil and contrilateral motor deficits
Cerebellar herniation
Herniation through the foremen magnum
