Facial Trauma Flashcards
Why do facial trauma carry the risk of managing the airway?
- broken facial bones or lost teeth
- blood accumulation that’s vomited or aspirated
How does drug and alcohol use increase bleeding and complicates management
Drugs and alcohol inhibits clothing factors and promotes vasodialation
What are consequences with mandibular fractures
- malocclusion: misaligned teeth
- Trismus
When might trismus occur
- mandibular fractures or hypoxic conditions
What is management for dental avulsions
- reinsert tooth into its socket and hold in place with a gauze
- place tooth in whole milk or keep it in mouth under tongue
What are potential complications with dental injuries
- hemorrhage
- pulp necrosis: fractured teeth exposing the pulp which leads to necrosis
What are le fort fractures
They are maxillofacial fractures
Le fort 1 (horizontal fracture)
- what does these type of fractures effect?
- what are the signs for this type of fracture?
- what are complications that could arise?
- maxilla
- upper lip swelling (donkey face) and buccaneers ecchymosis
- complicate airway management due to unstable facial structure
Le fort 2 (pyramidal fracture)
- what does these type of fractures effect?
- what are the signs for this type of fracture?
- what are complications that could arise?
- orbits and orbital floor
- impairment of visual activity
- unconsciousness due to the force transmitted to the brain and spinal cord
Le fort 3 (transverse fracture)
- what does these type of fractures effect?
- what are the signs for this type of fracture?
- what are complications that could arise?
- nasal bridge and upper maxilla
- craniofacial dislocation separating facial bones from cranial base
- risk of cerebral spinal fluid leakage
What are complications with zygomatic fractures?
- Numbness due to nerve involvement
- altered vision
- epistaxis (possible posterior epistaxis)
What is subconjunctival hemorrhage?
Red eyes
What is telecanthus and what is it often associated with
Increasing distance of the medial canthi of the eyes and is often associated with le fort 3 fractures
What is globe rupture?
The loss of intraocular fluid pressure
What are signs of globe rupture?
- irregular pupil shape
- conjunctival hemorrhage (red eyes)
- loss of vision (complete or partial)
