OBS, Twins, Peds SUPP Flashcards
What is a full term pregnancy
37 week gestational age
What is the normal average birth weight
7-9 lbs for s singleton
The amniotic sac has 2 layers. Describe the inner layer
Amnion;
- thinner more delicate membrane
- closest to the fetus
- maintains a stable temp around the baby
The amniotic sac has 2 layers. Describe the outer layer
Chorion;
- thicker more robust membrane
- attaches the amniotic sac to the uterine wall
What is the function of the amniotic fluid
- cushions the fetus
- allows for movement
- maintains temperature
- encourages lung development
What is the yolk sac and its function?
Aka the umbilicals vesicle
- provides endocrine, metabolic, and immune function
- produces first blood cells and vessels (hematopoesis)
- role dismisses once placenta is developed
What is the umbilical cord?
- a tube that connects the fetus to the placenta and houses vital blood vessels too and from the placenta
What happens at 4 weeks during pregnancy?
- embryo size is of a grain of rice
- placenta begins to develop
What happens at 8 weeks of pregnancy?
- facial features, neural tube, bones and organs begin to form
What happens at 12 weeks of pregnancy?
- fully formed arms and legs
- fingernails begin to develop
- baby weighs about 1 oz
When do Rh- mothers get an injection of rhogam human immunoglobulin?
At 28 weeks
What happens at 16 weeks of pregnancy?
- finger and toes are well defined
- has hair, eyelashes ect.
- able to suck thumb and yawn
- HR may now be detectable
What happens at 20 weeks of pregnancy
- has lanugo and vernix
- movement can be felt
About 10” long and 1/2 - 1 lb
What happens at 24 weeks of pregnancy
- Visible finger and toe prints
- eyes can open
- responds to sounds and pressure
- HR increases and biological viable
Pre labour contractions (Braxton hiccs)
- only part of the uterus tightens
- short durations
- contractions may not get closer together
- intensity does not increase
- irregular timing
- changing position or activity stops them
- no change in strength while walking
What are true labour contractions?
- pain tightens across entire uterus and possibly into the back
- duration gets longer (up to 60 seconds)
- timings grow closer together
- intensity increases
- regular pattern
- changing activity stops contractions
- walking makes the contractions stronger
What does lightening mean?
2-4 weeks before labour the baby descends into the pelvis
What does nesting mean?
1-2 days prior to Labour Day
What does show mean?
Hours to weeks prior there is bloody or mucus discharge
When does rupture of the membrane occur?
Anytime from labour start to birth
When to rupture of the membranes become concerning?
If there is meconium staining in the fluid or if labour has not progressed >24 hours after membrane has ruptured
What does effacement mean?
The thinning of cervical membrane as dilation occurs. It indicates contractions are pressing fetus down and out
How is the duration of a contraction measured?
The beginning to the end of the contraction
How is the frequency of the contraction measured?
The beginning of one contraction to the beginning to the next contraction. This measures how far apart each contraction is
The placenta will start to detach within….
20 mins DO NOT PULL IT
What are complications of perineal tears?
- can be large enough to cause a hemorrhage
- can result in infection
- prolonged healing and often sutured
Characteristic of 1st and 2nd degree perineal tear
1st; a skin tear
2nd; skin and muscle tear
Characteristic of 3rd and 4th degree perineal tear
3rd; torn through anal sphincter
4th; torn through rectum and anal sphincter
What is the average birthweight of twins?
5-7 lbs each
What should be noted with identical twins regarding amniotic sac and placenta
- they could share or have separate amniotic sacs
- they share a placenta
What should be noted with fraternal twins with regard to amniotic sac and placenta
They both have their own amniotic sac and placenta
What are the risk with twins?
- gestational HTN
- gestational Diabetes
- preterm delivery
- c-sections
What are mono/di twins.
They are twins that are monochorionic (share a placenta) and diamniotic (have their own amniotic sac.
What are the risks of mono/di twins
One of the twins monopolizes placental blood floe and the other is deprived and malnourished
What are the risks of mono mono twins
Because they share the same amitotic sac they run the risk of cord tangling
