Obstetric Patho 2 Flashcards
What is colostrum?
The initial breast milk produced during late pregnancy
Where is pre-eclampsia thought to originate from?
From Defects or detrimental changes within the placenta
The transition from pre-eclampsia and eclampsia is marked by the onset of….
Seizures
Postpartum preeclampsia can manifest up to ___ weeks postpartum
6 weeks
What serious complications can high BP in preeclampsia lead to?
- hemorrhagic stroke
- retinal detachment
How does high blood pressure in pre- eclampsia contribute to cerebral edema or potential hemorrhage?
The high BP increases hydrostatic pressures in the cerebral vessels
Preeclampsia can manifest as RUQ pain, this tells us that the liver is being affected. What liver complications can be due to preeclampsia?
- hepatic rupture
- subcapsular hemmorrhage
- liver failure
- hepatomegaly
What is Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
A condition that is characterized by systemic coagulation followed by sever bleeding due to consumption of clotting factors
What is HELLP syndrome?
The sever progression of Preeclampsia involving
-hemolysis
- elevated liver enzymes
- and low platelet count
How does preeclampsia lead to systemic edema?
Proteinuria decreases intravascular proteins such as albumin, which reduces oncotic pressure , resulting in edema
What is placenta previa?
The placenta implanting in the lower part of the uterus, covering the cervix partially or fully
Why is hemolysis apart of the HELLP syndrome?
This is because the high blood pressure damages the red blood cells hence HEMO-LYSIS
When does bleeding typically occur with a placenta previa individual
Third trimester
What fetal risks do placenta previa potentially cause?
- preterm birth
- respiratory distress syndrome
- meconium aspiration
What are the causes/mechanisms for placental abruption
- trauma
- prolonged pressure on VC
- preeclampsia
- abnormal uterine anatomy
- smoking
- short umbilical cord
What are the risk factors for uterine rupture?
- previous uterine surgery
- congenital uterine anatomy
- small maternal pelvis
- excessive fetal growth
What is the presentation and clinical signs of uterine rupture?
- sudden sharp pain w/ fetal distress during labour
- pain can refer to the shoulder
- increased abdominal tension
- palpable fetal parts
Why does uterine rupture cause referred Paine to the uterus?
Due to the irritation of the diaphragm by intra abdominal bleeding
What is shoulder dystocia?
When the fetal shoulders fail to pass below the pubic symphysis after the delivery of the head
What material factors increase the risk of shoulder dystocia?
- macrosomia
- maternal diabetes
- obesity
- anatomical variations in the maternal pelvis
Fetal complications of shoulder dystocia
- hypoxic injuries
- physical injuries on the clavicle or humerus
- possible pneumothorax
Maternal complications with shoulder dystocia?
- vaginal or perineal tearing
- hemorrhage
- uterine rupture
What is the cause of brachial plexus palsy?
- Over aggressive manipulation during delivery
- excessive flextion of extension of the head
Symptoms of brachial plexus palsy
- transient or permanent nerve Paine
- paralysis or weakness in effected arm
What can cause fetal malpositioning?
- lax abdominal and uterine muscles
- uterine anomalies
- placenta previa
What are risk factors for cord prolapse?
- prematurity or low birth weight
- polyhydraminos
- multiplies
- malpresentation (mal position)
What is considered significant blood loss after delivery?
500 ml after vaginal deliver or 1000 ml after c section
