Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Taxonomy > Flashcards

Taxonomy Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Taxonomy

A

The science of classification and the nomenclature used
Groups organisms on the basis of evolutionary relationships taking into account anatomical and structural characteristics, modes of excretion, movement and digestion, genetic makeup, and biochemical capabilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Domain

A

Largest divisions of life based on the degree of differences among them
Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Kingdom

A 
Archaea
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

K, P, C, O, F, G, S

A 
Kingdom
Phyla
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Monera

A

Archaea and Eubacteria

Prokaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Eubacteria

A

Single-celled prokaryotes with a single double-stranded circular loop of DNA
Have cell walls
Active roles in biogeochemical cycles, recycle various chemicals
Classified by morphological appearances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cyanobacteria

A

Live primarily in fresh water
Possess cell wall and photosynthetic pigment
Can withstand extreme temperatures
Blue-green algae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Archaea

A

Prokaryotes
Often have cell walls and flagella
Exhibit unique variations
Cell membranes composed of glycerol-ether lipids
Changes to molecules involved in basic biochemical process
Wide variety of extreme environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Protista

A

Primitive eukaryotic organisms with membrane-bound nuclei and organelles
Single cells or colonies of similar cells with no differentiation of specialized tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Protozoa

A

Single-cells organisms
Heterotrophic
Rhizopods move with cellular extensions (pseudopods)
Cliiophors have cilia for feeding and locomotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Algae

A

Photosynthetic

Blue, green, red, brown algae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Slime Molds

A

Arranged in coenocytic (many nuclei) mass of protoplasm
Unique life cycle include fruiting bodies and unicellular flagellated spores
Reproduce asexually by sporulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fungi

A

Eukaryotic, multicellular, differentiated, nonmotile
Cell wall composed of chitin
Heterotrophic; saprophytic or parasitic
Reproduce by asexual sporulation or intricate sexual processes
Mushrooms, yeast, lichens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Plantae

A

Multicellular
Nonmotile photosynthetic
Autotrophic
Supportive tissues for mechanical support
Conducting or vascular tissues for transport water, minerals, and nutrients
Waxy cuticles to minimize loss of water while permitting the transmittance of light
Stomata are air space making elaborate respiratory and excretory systems unnecessary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bryophytes

A

Bryophyta, hepatophyta, anthocerotophyta
Simple plants with few specialized organs and tissues
Lack xylem
Flagellated sperm cells
Must live in moist places
Undergo alternation of generations, gametophyte is the dominant generation as the “main” plant, sporophyte is smaller growing off the gametophyte from the archegonium
Mosses, liverworts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Xylem

A

Water-conducting vascular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Phloem

A

Food-conducting vascular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Tracheophytes

A

Vascular plants with great degree of cell differentiation
Contain xylem and phloem
have radial symmetry about a main vertical axis
Anchored by deep roots
Waxy surfaces for water conservation, stomata for gas exchange
Cellular water storage creates turgid cells
Sporophyte generation is dominant, gametophyte is short-lived and independent or small/parasitic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Non-seed-bearing plants

A

Pteriodphyta

Lycopodiophyta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pterophytes

A 
Division of Pteriodophyta
Ferns
Grow from underground stem (rhizome)
Large leaves with many vascular bundles
Grow lengthwise
Xylem have elongated tracheid cells that transport water and salts
Do not produce seeds
Short-lived gametophyte generation
Sporangium on underside of leaves produce monoploid spores which germinate to form gametophytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Lycophytes

A

Division of Lycopodiophyta
Have roots
Nonwoody
Contain microphyll leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Seed-bearing plants

A

Angiosperms

Gymnosperms

23
Q

Angiosperms

A

Greatest diversity
Covered seeds
Most abundant
Flowers as principal reproductive structures. Pollination involving the germination of pollen tubes which aid in the fertilization of female eggs in the gametophyte. Embyro develops into a seed within the ovary which ripens into fruit for dispersal

24
Q

Anther

A

Male stamen produce microspores (pollen grains)

25
Q

Pistal

A

Ovary

Produces megaspores

26
Q

Dicotyledons

A

Angiosperms
Net-veined leaves
Vascular bundles around a ring within the central cylinder
2 cotyledons (seed leaves) within the seed
Flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5
Maple/apple trees, potatoes, carrots, goldenrods, buttercups

27
Q

Monocotyledons

A 
Angiosperms
Leaves with parallel veins
Scattered vascular bundles
Seeds with single cotyledons
Do not posses cambium 
Nonwoody (herbaceous)
Flower parts in multiples of 3
Sugar cane, pineapple, irises, bananas, orchids, palms
28
Q

Gymnosperms

A

Naked-seeded plants
Gametophyte is short-lived and microscopic
Male microspore produces pollen carried by the wind
Sperm nuclei fertilize an egg with aid of pollen tube. Embryo develops within exposed seed
Specialized cambium tissue allows growth of secondary xylem (wood) and phloem
Grow in diameter and length
Woody
Most are evergreens (non-deciduous)

29
Q

Conifers

A

Division of Pinophyta
Largest group of gymnosperms
Pines, spruce, firs
Cones, spiral clusters of modified leaves
Large female cones with sporangia that produce megaspores
Small male cones with sporangia that produce microspores

30
Q

Cycadophyta

A

Stout, cylindrical trees with pinnate (feather-like) leaves

31
Q

Gentophyta

A

Vine like gymnosperms

32
Q

Ginkgophyta

A

One extant species

Grows pungent seeds

33
Q

Animalia

A

Multicellular, motile, heterotrophic
Differentiated tissues
Bilateral or radial symmetry

34
Q

Porifera

A

Sea sponges
Two layers of cells, pores, and low degree of cellular specialization
Sessile

35
Q

Cnidarian

A

Contain digestive sac sealed at one end
Two layers of cells: ectoderm and endoderm
Many specialized features including tentacles, stinging cells, nerve nets
Hydra, jellyfish, sea anemones, coral

36
Q

Platyhelminthes

A

Flatworms with ribbon-like, bilaterally symmetrical bodies
3 layers of cells
Do not have circulatory systems
Nervous system: eyes, interior brain ganglion, pair of longitudinal nerve cords

37
Q

Nematode

A 
Roundwormds
Long digestive tubes and anuses
Solid mesoderm
No circulatory system
Nerve cords and anterior nerve ring
38
Q

Annelida

A

Segmented worms that possess a coelom (true body cavity) contained in the mesoderm
Well-defined system (nervous, circulatory, excretory)

39
Q

Mollusca

A

Soft-bodied
Mantels often secrete calcareous (calcium carbonate) exoskeletons
Breather by gills
Contain chambered hearts, blood sinuses, pair of ventral nerve cords
Clams, snails, squid

40
Q

Arthropoda

A

Jointed appendages, chitinous exoskeletons, open circulatory systems (sinuses)
Classes: insects, arachnids, crustaceans

41
Q

Echinodermata

A

Spiny, radially symmetrical
Contain water-vascular system
Possess capacity for regeneration of parts
Starfish, sea urchin

42
Q

Chordata

A

Stiff dorsal rod (notochord)
Paired gill slits
Tail extending beyond the anus
Lancelets and tunicates

43
Q

Vertebrata

A

Subphylum of Choradata
Possess bones (vertebrae) forming the backbone. Bont vertebrae replace notochord and protect the nerve cord, skull protects the brain
Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

44
Q

Agnatha

A 
Jawless fish
retain notochord throughout life
Cartilaginous internal skeleton
Possess sucking mouth
Lamprey, hagfish
45
Q

Chondrichthyes

A

Cartilaginous fish
Possess jaws and teeth
Reduced notochord exists as segments between cartilaginous vertebrae
Shark

46
Q

Osteichthyes

A 
Bony fish
Have scales
Lack notochord 
Cartilage replaced by bony skeleton
Sturgeon, trout, tuna
47
Q

Amphibian

A

Larval stages found in water; possess gills and tail with no legs
Adult stage on land, have lungs, two pairs of legs, no tail, 3-chambered heart, no scales
External fertilization
Frog, salamander, toad, newt

48
Q

Reptilian

A

Terrestrial
Have lungs, scales, 3-chambered heart, lay leathery eggs, internal fertilization
Cold-blooded
Turtle, lizard, snake, crocodile

49
Q

Aves

A

Birds
Possess 4-chambered hearts
Warm-blooded
Eggs surrounded by shells

50
Q

Mammalia

A

Warm-blooded

Feed offspring with mild produced via mammary glands

51
Q

Monotremata

A

lay leathery eggs
Horny bills
Produce milk via mammary gland with numerous openings but no nipples

52
Q

Marsupials

A 
Infraclass of punched mammals
Embryo begins development in the uterus and completes while attached to nipples in the abdominal pouch
53
Q

Placentalia

A

Embryos develop fully in the uterus

Placenta attaches the embyro to the uterine wall and provides exchange of food, oxygen and waste

54
Q

Viruses

A

Do not carry out physiological or biochemical processes outside a host
Take over the host’s cellular machinery and direct replication of viral genome and protein coat
Lytic and lysogenic life cycles
Contain DNA or RNA and some essential enzymes surrounded by a protein coat

Biology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions