TA Review

Question 1

Primarily Retroperitoneal with mnemonic

Answer 1

Kids And Infants Are Totally Ugly
Kidneys
Aorta
IVC
Adrenal Glands
Testes
Ureter

Question 2

Secondarily Retroperitoneal with mnemonic

Answer 2

Ac/Dc Can Really Party Down (from 2-4)
Ascending Colon
Descending Colon
Cecum
Rectum
Pancreas
Duodenum (2-4)

Question 3

Extraperitoneal with mnemonic

Answer 3

Bee SOUP
Bladder
Seminal Vesicles
Ovaries
Uterus
Prostrate

Question 4

Psoas Major location/function

Answer 4

Located right lateral to the inferior vertebral column in the posterior abdominal wall, right above the pelvic bowl. Important in flexion/external rotation of the hip.

Question 5

Quadratus Lumborum

Answer 5

Right lateral to the psoas major. Acts on both vertebral column and ilium.

Question 6

Transversis Abdominis

Answer 6

Lateral to quadratus lumborus. Innermost abdominal muscle. Helps compress abdominal contents.

Question 7

Iliacus

Answer 7

Extends below from the psoas, extends down the ilium. Important for lifting femur forward.

Question 8

Subcoastal root value

Answer 8

T12

Question 9

Ilioinguinal root value

Answer 9

L1

Question 10

Iliohypogastric

Answer 10

T12-L1

Question 11

Geniotfemoral

Answer 11

L1-L2

Question 12

Femoral

Answer 12

L2-L4

Question 13

Obdurator

Answer 13

L2-L4

Question 14

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Branch

Answer 14

L2-L3

Question 15

Kidney innervation

Answer 15

T10-L1

Question 16

Blood Flow to the Kidney

Answer 16

Renal artery –> Segmental Artery –> Interlobar Artery –> Arcuate artery –> Interlobular artery –. Afferent arteriole –> Glomerulus –> Efferent Arteriole –> Vasa Recta –> Interlobular Vein –> Arcuate Vein –> Interlobar Vein –> Renal vein –> IVC

Question 17

Position of kidneys

Answer 17

Right at T12, Left T11

Question 18

Left vs Right Adrenals

Answer 18

Left –> Semilunar

Right –> Triangular

Question 19

Blood supply of adrenals

Answer 19

Superior suprarenal artery (branch of inferior phrenic artery)
Middle suprarenal artery (branch of aorta)
Inferior suprarenal artery (branch of renal artery)
Drained by suprarenal vein. Right drains into IVC, Left drains into L. Renal vein

Question 20

Layers of adrenals, top to bottom, and what they make

Answer 20

1-4 –> cortex
5 –> medulla
1. Capsule
2. Zona Glomerulosa, makes mineralocorticoids (salt)
3. Zona Fasciculata, makes glucocorticoids (sugar)
4. Zona Reticularis, makes androgens (Sex)
Salt sugar sex. The deeper you go the better it gets.
5. Medulla –> Epinephrine/norepinephrine

Question 21

What is the first primordial of kidneys

Answer 21

Urogenital ridge, intermediate mesoderm. It develops into the gonadal ridge, and the nephrogenic cord.

Question 22

Stages of kidney dev.

Answer 22

pronephros (Early fourth week, not functional), mesonephros (late fourth week, transitionally functional), metanephros (functional by week 9, created from diverticulum and mass through reciprocal induction).

Question 23

Kidney migration

Answer 23

Migrate up during development, blood supply changes from common iliac to renal arteries.

Question 24

Primordial germ layers of adrenals

Answer 24

Cortex –> Mesoderm

Medulla –> Neural Crest cells (makes sense bc they make epinephrine and norepinephrine)

Question 25

Primordial of collecting duct

Answer 25

ureteric bud of metanephros

Question 26

Primordial of filtration system (nephron)

Answer 26

blastema mass of metaphros

Question 27

Function of cloacal membrane

Answer 27

Splits cloaca into urogenical sinus/rectum

Question 28

Three parts of urogenital sinus

Answer 28

Top (V?) –> Bladder
Pelvic/middle –> Urethra
Bottom/Phallic –> Grows towards genital tubercle

Question 29

Germ layers of bladder

Answer 29

Endothelium –> epithelial lining

outer layers –> splanchnic mesoderm