TA Review Flashcards
Primarily Retroperitoneal with mnemonic
Kids And Infants Are Totally Ugly Kidneys Aorta IVC Adrenal Glands Testes Ureter
Secondarily Retroperitoneal with mnemonic
Ac/Dc Can Really Party Down (from 2-4) Ascending Colon Descending Colon Cecum Rectum Pancreas Duodenum (2-4)
Extraperitoneal with mnemonic
Bee SOUP Bladder Seminal Vesicles Ovaries Uterus Prostrate
Psoas Major location/function
Located right lateral to the inferior vertebral column in the posterior abdominal wall, right above the pelvic bowl. Important in flexion/external rotation of the hip.
Quadratus Lumborum
Right lateral to the psoas major. Acts on both vertebral column and ilium.
Transversis Abdominis
Lateral to quadratus lumborus. Innermost abdominal muscle. Helps compress abdominal contents.
Iliacus
Extends below from the psoas, extends down the ilium. Important for lifting femur forward.
Subcoastal root value
T12
Ilioinguinal root value
L1
Iliohypogastric
T12-L1
Geniotfemoral
L1-L2
Femoral
L2-L4
Obdurator
L2-L4
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Branch
L2-L3
Kidney innervation
T10-L1
Blood Flow to the Kidney
Renal artery –> Segmental Artery –> Interlobar Artery –> Arcuate artery –> Interlobular artery –. Afferent arteriole –> Glomerulus –> Efferent Arteriole –> Vasa Recta –> Interlobular Vein –> Arcuate Vein –> Interlobar Vein –> Renal vein –> IVC
Position of kidneys
Right at T12, Left T11
Left vs Right Adrenals
Left –> Semilunar
Right –> Triangular
Blood supply of adrenals
Superior suprarenal artery (branch of inferior phrenic artery)
Middle suprarenal artery (branch of aorta)
Inferior suprarenal artery (branch of renal artery)
Drained by suprarenal vein. Right drains into IVC, Left drains into L. Renal vein
Layers of adrenals, top to bottom, and what they make
1-4 –> cortex
5 –> medulla
1. Capsule
2. Zona Glomerulosa, makes mineralocorticoids (salt)
3. Zona Fasciculata, makes glucocorticoids (sugar)
4. Zona Reticularis, makes androgens (Sex)
Salt sugar sex. The deeper you go the better it gets.
5. Medulla –> Epinephrine/norepinephrine
What is the first primordial of kidneys
Urogenital ridge, intermediate mesoderm. It develops into the gonadal ridge, and the nephrogenic cord.
Stages of kidney dev.
pronephros (Early fourth week, not functional), mesonephros (late fourth week, transitionally functional), metanephros (functional by week 9, created from diverticulum and mass through reciprocal induction).
Kidney migration
Migrate up during development, blood supply changes from common iliac to renal arteries.
Primordial germ layers of adrenals
Cortex –> Mesoderm
Medulla –> Neural Crest cells (makes sense bc they make epinephrine and norepinephrine)
Primordial of collecting duct
ureteric bud of metanephros
Primordial of filtration system (nephron)
blastema mass of metaphros
Function of cloacal membrane
Splits cloaca into urogenical sinus/rectum
Three parts of urogenital sinus
Top (V?) –> Bladder
Pelvic/middle –> Urethra
Bottom/Phallic –> Grows towards genital tubercle
Germ layers of bladder
Endothelium –> epithelial lining
outer layers –> splanchnic mesoderm
