Lecture 25: peritoneum and mesenteries Flashcards
Peritoneal cavity
Below diaphragm, surrounded by abdominal wall and pelvic floor. Enclosed in peritoneum
Components of peritoneum
Parietal and Visceral peritoneum
Serous fluid
Between visceral peritoneum, allows frictionless movement of the organs against each other
Mesentary
Double sheet of connective tissue attaching the organs to the abdominal wall
mesogastrium
Mesentary connecting to the stomach
mesos root
Latin for middle
enteron latin root
guts, intestine
gaster latin root
belly
hepar
means liver in latin
lien
means spleen in latin
How do the liver, stomach, pancreas and spleen move during embryological rotation?
The liver and stomach rotate to right, the spleen and pancreas to the left.
How many layers to greater omentum?
Six-where the transverse mesocolon attaches
Four - in the gastrocolic portion, because a double layer folded in on itself
Two- in gastrophrenic/gastrolienal portions
Parietal peritoneum
secondary mesentaries that are not active in suspending the gut
Purpose of greater omentum
Bind against the stomach, stop infections from spreading, then a site for fat storage
falciform latin
sickle shaped
teres latin
round
phrenic latin
diaphragm
connection between the greater and lesser sac
epiploic/omental foramen, sits under the hepaduodenal ligament
Components of lesser omentum
hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments
Components of greater omentum
Gastrolienal, gastrocolic, gastrophrenic
Contained within the hepatoduodenal ligament
Common bile duct, portal vein, hepatic artery
ventral mesentary
Present embryologically, gives rise to ventral mesogastrium which is attached to liver : hepatoduodenal ligament, hepatogastric ligament, triangular ligaments, coronary ligaments, falciform ligaments
dorsal mesentary
Present embryologically, gives rise to dorsal mesogastrium, “the mesentary”, mesentaries of large intestine
Dorsal mesogastrium
Made of:
greater omentum: gastrophrenic, gastrolienal, gastrocolic
Adult transverse mesocolon (anterior lamina/side)
Lienorenal or phrenicolienal
“the mesentary”
of the small intestine
mesentaries of large intestine
adult transverse mesocolon (posterior lamina/side)
sigmoid mesocolon
mesoappendix
How do the intestines rotate embryologically
First grow straight, then herniate into umbilical cord, then rotate within umbilical cord space (which creates the small intestine crossing over the transverse colon), and then squishes back into abdominal space (this creates the waves in the small intestine)
greater sac vs. lesser sac
greater sac = peritoneal sac
lesser sac = omental bursa. The lesser omentum makes up a wall of the lesser sac. The same does not hold for the greater omentum
ligament
A gut suspender that is not a mesentary
Suspensary ligament of duodenum
Two muscles. One (smooth) suspends from duodenum, the other (striated) attaches to diaphragm.
phrenicocolic ligament
spleen rests on it, closely associated to dorsal mesogastrium
broad ligament of uterus
mesometrium –> uterus
mesosalpinx –> uterine tubes
mesovarium –> ovaries
metro
uterus
salpinx
trumpet
infundibulopelvic or suspensory ligament of ovary
Contains vessels, but not the round ligament of ovary
tunica vaginalis comminus
peritoneal folding on testes
vesicouterine pouch
Sits between uterus and the bladder, site where infections can develop in female.
rectouterine pouch
Sits between uterus and the rectum, site where infections can develop in female.
recto vesicle pouch
Sits between rectum and bladder –> infections.
Male
Paracolic gutters
Sit to either side of ascending and descending colon.
Paramesenteric gutters
between small intestines and the colon
Infrahepatic or hepatorenal pouch
Most dorsal when bed-ridden. Communicates through omental bursa
