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Structures > Muscles of the Lower Extremity > Flashcards

Muscles of the Lower Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Gluteal Compartment muscles

A 
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
Quadratus Femoris
Superior Gemellus
Obdurator Internus
Piriformis 
Inferior Gemellus
Tensor of Fascia Lata
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2
Q

Anterior Thigh Muscles, innervation

A 
Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)
Femoral Artery
Sartorius
"Quadriceps":
Rectus Femoris
Vastus Medialis/Intermedialis/Lateralis
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3
Q

Medial Thigh Muscles, innervation

A 
Obdurator Nerve mostly (L2-L4)
Obdurator artery, possibly femoral artery
Adductor Magnus/Longus/Brevis
Gracilis
Pectineus
Obdurator Externus
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4
Q

Posterior Thigh, innervation

A 
Tibial nerve (L4-S3)
Profundis femoris artery
"Hamstrings":
Semitendonosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps Femoris (long and short head)
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5
Q

Extension of Hip

A 
Gluteus Maximus --> major
"Hamstrings":
Semitendonosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps Femoris (long head only)
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6
Q

Flexion of Hip

A

Iliopsoas (major)
Rectus Femoris
Sartorius* two joint muscle
Tensor of Fascia Lata

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7
Q

Abduct Hip

A

Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
Tensor of Fascia Lata

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8
Q

Adduct Hip

A 
Adductor Magnus (major) /Brevis/Longus
Gracilis* two joint muscle
Pectineus
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9
Q

Lateral Rotator Hip

A 
Gamellus (superior/inferior)
Obdurator (externus/internus)
Quadratus Femoris
Piriformis
Sartorius
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10
Q

Medial Rotation Hip

A

Medial fibers of gluteus medius/minimus

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11
Q

Posterior Compartment of Leg, innervation

A

Tibial Nerve (L4-S3)
Gastronemius, Soleus, Plantaris
Popliteal, Tibial Posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus, Flexor Hallucis Longus
Posterior tibial artery

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12
Q

Lateral Compartment of Leg, innervation

A

Fibularis Longus, Fibularis Brevis
Innervated by superficial fibular nerve (L5-S2)
Peroneal artery

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13
Q

Anterior Compartment of Leg, innervation

A

Tibial Anterior, Extensor Digitorum Longus, Extensor Hallucis Longus, Fibularis tertius
Deep fibular nerve, along with dorsum of foot
(L4-S2)
Anterior tibial artery

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14
Q

Extensors of Knee

A

“Quadriceps”
Rectus Femoris
Vastus Lateralis, medialis, intermedialis

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15
Q

Flexion of Knee

A 
"Hamstrings":
Semitendonosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps Femoris (long and short heads)
Popliteus
Gastronecmius* 2 joint
Plantaris* 2 joint
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16
Q

True extension of ankle

A

Dorsi-flexion

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17
Q

True flexion of ankle

A

plantar-flexion

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18
Q

inversion of ankle

A

raising medial side

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19
Q

eversion of ankle

A

raising lateral side

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20
Q

Muscles for extension/dorsi-flexion

A 
tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
fibularis tertius (sometimes)
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21
Q

Muscles for flexion/plantar-flexion

A 
Tibalis posterior
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus
gastronemeus
soleus
plantaris
fibularis longus/brevis (sometimes)
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22
Q

Inversion of Foot

A

Tibialis Anterior (deep fibular nerve) /Tibialis Posterior (tibial nerve)

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23
Q

Eversion of foot

A

Fibularis longus/brevis/tertius
Easier to lose function of eversion than inversion. because mostly by the same nerve (superficial fibular nerve). The tertius is supplied by the deep fibular nerve (anterior compartment of leg) but it’s only a weak everter.

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24
Q

Talo-crural joint

A

ankle joint

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25
Q

genual joint

A

knee joint

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26
Q

acetabulofemoral joint

A

hip joint

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27
Q

pectineus muscle innervation

A

femoral and obdurator, even though in medial thigh compartment

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28
Q

adductor magnus innervation

A

posterior part (ischiocondular portion) gets tibial nerve, rest gets femoral nerve because in anterior thigh compartment

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29
Q

Only muscle to attach to lesser trochantar of femur

A

Iliopsoas

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30
Q

Gluteus Maximus innervation

A

Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)

inferior and superior gluteal artery

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31
Q

Gluteus medius innervation

A

Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

Superior gluteal artery

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32
Q

Gluteus minimus innervation

A

Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

superior gluteal artery

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33
Q

Quadratus Femoris innervation

A

Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4-S1)

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34
Q

Superior Gemellus innervation

A

Nerve to obdurator internus (L5-S2)

35
Q

Obdurator Internus innervation

A

Nerve to obdurator internus (L5-S2)

36
Q

Inferior Gemellus innervation

A

Nerve to quadrator femoris (L4-S1)

37
Q

Piriformis innervation

A

nerve to piriformis (L5-S2)

38
Q

Tensor of fascia lata

A

superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

inferior gluteal artery

39
Q

Contents and location of the adductor canal

A

Between apex of femoral triangle and adductor hiatus (near knee)
contains femoral artery and vein, saphenous nerve

40
Q

Adductor hiatus

A

In tendon of adductor magnus near knee, femoral vessels pass posteriorly where name changes to popliteal vessels

41
Q

What contributes to quadriceps tendon

A

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis/intermedialis/medialis

42
Q

Innervation of short head of biceps femoris

A

Common fibular nerve (L5-S2)

43
Q

Borders of the femoral triangle

A

Inguinal ligament on top, medial adductor longus, lateral is sartorius

44
Q

NAVL in femoral triangle/sheath

A 
femoral nerve (not in femoral sheath), artery, vein, lymphatics
from lateral to medial
45
Q

what happens in the saphenous opening

A

The saphenous vein drains into the femoral vein after passing through a hole in the anterior fascia lata

46
Q

pes ansenerious

A

gooses foot, common tendinous attachment of sartorius, gracilis, semitendonosus on lateral side of tibia

47
Q

distal attachment of adductors

A

linea aspera of femur

48
Q

Joints between tibia and fibula

A

Three joints:
Proximal –> synovial
Middle and Distal –> syndesmosis (fibrous)

49
Q

Purpose of superior and inferior extensor retinaculum

A

Holds the tendons of anterior compartment (ankle extensors) in place in the foot

50
Q

What gives rise to the dorsalis pedis artery

A

anterior tibial artery on dorsum of foot

51
Q

Purpose of superior and inferior peroneal retinaculum

A

Holds the tendons of peroneal longus and brevis in place in the foot

52
Q

Popliteus muscle specific function

A

Unlocks and initiates flexion of the knee.
Location: between joint cavity and lateral collateral ligament. Runs lateral to medial as you go inferior. Tendon attaches to lateral side of femur, provides more protection to the lateral side of genual joint.

53
Q

Tom dick and harry in foot vs in calf, medial to lateral.

A

In foot: Flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus.
In calf: Flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus.
Order switches when the tendons wrap around the medial malleolus.
Notice tibialis posterior is always in the middle

54
Q

Tendo-calcaneus

A

The achilles tendon. Gastronemius and soleus contribute, reaches down to calcaneus.

55
Q

What separates the anterior and posterior compartments of leg

A

Interosseous membrane

56
Q

Ligaments of acetabulofemoral/hip joint

A

Iliofemoral, Ischiofemoral, Pubofemoral

Acetabular labrum – Ring of cartilage around acetabulum (hip socket) increase articular surface area

57
Q

parts of knee joint

A

Two tibia-femoral joints (medial and lateral) –> weightbearing
One patella femoral joint –> helps quadriceps gain leverage

58
Q

What type of bone is patella

A

semasoid, bc grows inside tendon

59
Q

All ligaments of knee

A

Posterior/Anterior cruciate ligaments
Lateral/Medial collateral ligaments
medial/lateral menisci

60
Q

Attachments of PCL and ACL

A

ACL attached to anterior tibia and posterior lateral femur, also to medial meniscus
PCL to posterior tibia and anterior medial femur
Medial and Lateral placements still between two condyles

61
Q

Lateral Collateral Ligament vs. Medial Collateral Ligament

A

Lateral Loose, injured less often, stronger and narrower

Medial connected to medial meniscus, injured more often, weaker, thin and broad

62
Q

Unhappy triad of the knee

A

MCL, medial meniscus, ACL. All attached to each other. All injured at the same time when there is a lateral push to the knee on a fixed leg.

63
Q

Medial meniscus vs. Lateral meniscus

A

Medial is Cshaped, Lateral is O shaped
Both attached to tibia via coronary ligaments
Both help in articular efficiency

64
Q

Prepatellar bursa

A

On top of patella

65
Q

Suprapatellar bursa

A

Under quadriceps tendon, communicates with joint cavity

66
Q

Infrapatellar bursa

A

Under patella

67
Q

Most common ankle sprain

A

Inversion, affecting lateral ligament, specifically anterior talofibular ligament or second most common calcaneofibular ligament

68
Q

Three lateral ligaments of ankle

A

anterior talofibular ligament
calcaneofibular ligament
posterior talofibular ligament

69
Q

Deltoid ligament of ankle

A

Medial ligament of ankle, has many ligaments that make it up

70
Q

Calcaneus

A

Heel bone

71
Q

Talus

A

The tarsal bone where the tibia and fibula articulate to

72
Q

Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

A

Spring Ligament
key in maintaining the longitudinal arch
Present on the medial aspect

73
Q

Pes planus

A

Flat footedness, usually caused by the spring ligament

74
Q

The 8 muscles that cross two joints

A

Gracilis –> Flex knee, adduct hip,
Biceps Femoris (long head) –> extend hip, flex knee
Semimembranosus –> extend hip, flex knee
Semitendonosus –> extend hip, flex knee
Rectus Femoris –> flex hip, extend knee
Sartorius –> flex hip, flex knee
Gastronemius –> plantar-flex (flexion) of ankle, weak flexion of knee
Plantaris –> plantar flex of ankle, flexion of knee

75
Q

Lasegue Sign

A

Sciatic nerve disease. Pain with extension of hip/knee

Differentiation on the two sides

76
Q

Trendelenberg Gait

A

Damage to superior sciatic nerve

Damage to abductor function, sway side to side when walking bc you wouldn’t be able to maintain center of gravity

77
Q

Foot-Drop

A

Damage to common fibular

Cannot extend the ankle, leads to violent drop of foot.

78
Q

sensory of heel

A

medial calcaneal branch of tibial nerve

79
Q

Sensory for medial plantar surface, first three toes

A

medial plantar branch of tibial nerve

80
Q

sensory for lateral plantar surface, last two toes

A

lateral plantar branch of tibial nerve

81
Q

sensation for dorsum of foot

A

superficial fibular nerve

82
Q

Two extrinsic foot muscles and innervations

A

Extensor digitorum brevis, Extensor Hallucis Brevis
Innervated by the deep fibular nerve
Extend the toes

83
Q

Three arches in foot

A

medial, longitudinal, lateral transverse

Structures (44 decks)

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