Muscles of the Lower Extremity Flashcards
1
Q
Gluteal Compartment muscles
A
Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus Quadratus Femoris Superior Gemellus Obdurator Internus Piriformis Inferior Gemellus Tensor of Fascia Lata
2
Q
Anterior Thigh Muscles, innervation
A
Femoral Nerve (L2-L4) Femoral Artery Sartorius "Quadriceps": Rectus Femoris Vastus Medialis/Intermedialis/Lateralis
3
Q
Medial Thigh Muscles, innervation
A
Obdurator Nerve mostly (L2-L4) Obdurator artery, possibly femoral artery Adductor Magnus/Longus/Brevis Gracilis Pectineus Obdurator Externus
4
Q
Posterior Thigh, innervation
A
Tibial nerve (L4-S3) Profundis femoris artery "Hamstrings": Semitendonosus Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris (long and short head)
5
Q
Extension of Hip
A
Gluteus Maximus --> major "Hamstrings": Semitendonosus Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris (long head only)
6
Q
Flexion of Hip
A
Iliopsoas (major)
Rectus Femoris
Sartorius* two joint muscle
Tensor of Fascia Lata
7
Q
Abduct Hip
A
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
Tensor of Fascia Lata
8
Q
Adduct Hip
A
Adductor Magnus (major) /Brevis/Longus Gracilis* two joint muscle Pectineus
9
Q
Lateral Rotator Hip
A
Gamellus (superior/inferior) Obdurator (externus/internus) Quadratus Femoris Piriformis Sartorius
10
Q
Medial Rotation Hip
A
Medial fibers of gluteus medius/minimus
11
Q
Posterior Compartment of Leg, innervation
A
Tibial Nerve (L4-S3)
Gastronemius, Soleus, Plantaris
Popliteal, Tibial Posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus, Flexor Hallucis Longus
Posterior tibial artery
12
Q
Lateral Compartment of Leg, innervation
A
Fibularis Longus, Fibularis Brevis
Innervated by superficial fibular nerve (L5-S2)
Peroneal artery
13
Q
Anterior Compartment of Leg, innervation
A
Tibial Anterior, Extensor Digitorum Longus, Extensor Hallucis Longus, Fibularis tertius
Deep fibular nerve, along with dorsum of foot
(L4-S2)
Anterior tibial artery
14
Q
Extensors of Knee
A
“Quadriceps”
Rectus Femoris
Vastus Lateralis, medialis, intermedialis
15
Q
Flexion of Knee
A
"Hamstrings": Semitendonosus Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris (long and short heads) Popliteus Gastronecmius* 2 joint Plantaris* 2 joint
16
Q
True extension of ankle
A
Dorsi-flexion
17
Q
True flexion of ankle
A
plantar-flexion
18
Q
inversion of ankle
A
raising medial side
19
Q
eversion of ankle
A
raising lateral side
20
Q
Muscles for extension/dorsi-flexion
A
tibialis anterior extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus fibularis tertius (sometimes)
21
Q
Muscles for flexion/plantar-flexion
A
Tibalis posterior flexor hallucis longus flexor digitorum longus gastronemeus soleus plantaris fibularis longus/brevis (sometimes)
22
Q
Inversion of Foot
A
Tibialis Anterior (deep fibular nerve) /Tibialis Posterior (tibial nerve)
23
Q
Eversion of foot
A
Fibularis longus/brevis/tertius
Easier to lose function of eversion than inversion. because mostly by the same nerve (superficial fibular nerve). The tertius is supplied by the deep fibular nerve (anterior compartment of leg) but it’s only a weak everter.
24
Q
Talo-crural joint
A
ankle joint
25
genual joint
knee joint
26
acetabulofemoral joint
hip joint
27
pectineus muscle innervation
femoral and obdurator, even though in medial thigh compartment
28
adductor magnus innervation
posterior part (ischiocondular portion) gets tibial nerve, rest gets femoral nerve because in anterior thigh compartment
29
Only muscle to attach to lesser trochantar of femur
Iliopsoas
30
Gluteus Maximus innervation
Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)
| inferior and superior gluteal artery
31
Gluteus medius innervation
Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
| Superior gluteal artery
32
Gluteus minimus innervation
Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
| superior gluteal artery
33
Quadratus Femoris innervation
Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4-S1)
34
Superior Gemellus innervation
Nerve to obdurator internus (L5-S2)
35
Obdurator Internus innervation
Nerve to obdurator internus (L5-S2)
36
Inferior Gemellus innervation
Nerve to quadrator femoris (L4-S1)
37
Piriformis innervation
nerve to piriformis (L5-S2)
38
Tensor of fascia lata
superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
| inferior gluteal artery
39
Contents and location of the adductor canal
Between apex of femoral triangle and adductor hiatus (near knee)
contains femoral artery and vein, saphenous nerve
40
Adductor hiatus
In tendon of adductor magnus near knee, femoral vessels pass posteriorly where name changes to popliteal vessels
41
What contributes to quadriceps tendon
Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis/intermedialis/medialis
42
Innervation of short head of biceps femoris
Common fibular nerve (L5-S2)
43
Borders of the femoral triangle
Inguinal ligament on top, medial adductor longus, lateral is sartorius
44
NAVL in femoral triangle/sheath
```
femoral nerve (not in femoral sheath), artery, vein, lymphatics
from lateral to medial
```
45
what happens in the saphenous opening
The saphenous vein drains into the femoral vein after passing through a hole in the anterior fascia lata
46
pes ansenerious
gooses foot, common tendinous attachment of sartorius, gracilis, semitendonosus on lateral side of tibia
47
distal attachment of adductors
linea aspera of femur
48
Joints between tibia and fibula
Three joints:
Proximal --> synovial
Middle and Distal --> syndesmosis (fibrous)
49
Purpose of superior and inferior extensor retinaculum
Holds the tendons of anterior compartment (ankle extensors) in place in the foot
50
What gives rise to the dorsalis pedis artery
anterior tibial artery on dorsum of foot
51
Purpose of superior and inferior peroneal retinaculum
Holds the tendons of peroneal longus and brevis in place in the foot
52
Popliteus muscle specific function
Unlocks and initiates flexion of the knee.
Location: between joint cavity and lateral collateral ligament. Runs lateral to medial as you go inferior. Tendon attaches to lateral side of femur, provides more protection to the lateral side of genual joint.
53
Tom dick and harry in foot vs in calf, medial to lateral.
In foot: Flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus.
In calf: Flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus.
Order switches when the tendons wrap around the medial malleolus.
Notice tibialis posterior is always in the middle
54
Tendo-calcaneus
The achilles tendon. Gastronemius and soleus contribute, reaches down to calcaneus.
55
What separates the anterior and posterior compartments of leg
Interosseous membrane
56
Ligaments of acetabulofemoral/hip joint
Iliofemoral, Ischiofemoral, Pubofemoral
| Acetabular labrum -- Ring of cartilage around acetabulum (hip socket) increase articular surface area
57
parts of knee joint
Two tibia-femoral joints (medial and lateral) --> weightbearing
One patella femoral joint --> helps quadriceps gain leverage
58
What type of bone is patella
semasoid, bc grows inside tendon
59
All ligaments of knee
Posterior/Anterior cruciate ligaments
Lateral/Medial collateral ligaments
medial/lateral menisci
60
Attachments of PCL and ACL
ACL attached to anterior tibia and posterior lateral femur, also to medial meniscus
PCL to posterior tibia and anterior medial femur
Medial and Lateral placements still between two condyles
61
Lateral Collateral Ligament vs. Medial Collateral Ligament
Lateral Loose, injured less often, stronger and narrower
| Medial connected to medial meniscus, injured more often, weaker, thin and broad
62
Unhappy triad of the knee
MCL, medial meniscus, ACL. All attached to each other. All injured at the same time when there is a lateral push to the knee on a fixed leg.
63
Medial meniscus vs. Lateral meniscus
Medial is Cshaped, Lateral is O shaped
Both attached to tibia via coronary ligaments
Both help in articular efficiency
64
Prepatellar bursa
On top of patella
65
Suprapatellar bursa
Under quadriceps tendon, communicates with joint cavity
66
Infrapatellar bursa
Under patella
67
Most common ankle sprain
Inversion, affecting lateral ligament, specifically anterior talofibular ligament or second most common calcaneofibular ligament
68
Three lateral ligaments of ankle
anterior talofibular ligament
calcaneofibular ligament
posterior talofibular ligament
69
Deltoid ligament of ankle
Medial ligament of ankle, has many ligaments that make it up
70
Calcaneus
Heel bone
71
Talus
The tarsal bone where the tibia and fibula articulate to
72
Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
Spring Ligament
key in maintaining the longitudinal arch
Present on the medial aspect
73
Pes planus
Flat footedness, usually caused by the spring ligament
74
The 8 muscles that cross two joints
Gracilis --> Flex knee, adduct hip,
Biceps Femoris (long head) --> extend hip, flex knee
Semimembranosus --> extend hip, flex knee
Semitendonosus --> extend hip, flex knee
Rectus Femoris --> flex hip, extend knee
Sartorius --> flex hip, flex knee
Gastronemius --> plantar-flex (flexion) of ankle, weak flexion of knee
Plantaris --> plantar flex of ankle, flexion of knee
75
Lasegue Sign
Sciatic nerve disease. Pain with extension of hip/knee
| Differentiation on the two sides
76
Trendelenberg Gait
Damage to superior sciatic nerve
| Damage to abductor function, sway side to side when walking bc you wouldn't be able to maintain center of gravity
77
Foot-Drop
Damage to common fibular
| Cannot extend the ankle, leads to violent drop of foot.
78
sensory of heel
medial calcaneal branch of tibial nerve
79
Sensory for medial plantar surface, first three toes
medial plantar branch of tibial nerve
80
sensory for lateral plantar surface, last two toes
lateral plantar branch of tibial nerve
81
sensation for dorsum of foot
superficial fibular nerve
82
Two extrinsic foot muscles and innervations
Extensor digitorum brevis, Extensor Hallucis Brevis
Innervated by the deep fibular nerve
Extend the toes
83
Three arches in foot
medial, longitudinal, lateral transverse
