Lecture 29: Urinary Tract and Adrenals

Question 1

Pronephros

Answer 1

4th embryonic week, cervical nephrotomes which come off of pronephric duct. Is both transitory and nonfunctional

Question 2

Mesonephros

Answer 2

Late in the fourth wekk, functional temporarily, consists of two nephrotomes which turn into glomerulie, mesonephric tubules which come off of the mesonephric duct.
Degenerate at end of first trimester

Question 3

Three stages of embryological kidneys

Answer 3

ronephros, mesonephros, metanephros

Question 4

Each mesonephric tubule ends in?

Answer 4

A bowmans capsule

Question 5

Parts of adult kidney

Answer 5

cortex, medulla, collecting system –> ureter

Question 6

metanephros

Answer 6

definitive kidnesy, development begins in fifth week, functional begins in 9th week. After 12th wekk, majority of amniotic fluid is fetal urine

Question 7

fetal urine vs. adult urine

Answer 7

much more watery as mother removes more metabolic waste from the urine. Fetus drinks urine, re-filters it, pees it out.

Question 8

metanephric diverticulum

Answer 8

also called ureteric bud, it is an outgrowth of the distal mesonephric duct–> gives rise to ureters renal pelvis, calices, and collecting tubules.

Question 9

metanephric mass of intermediate mesoderm gives rise to?

Answer 9

also called metanephrogenic blasteme. Gives rise to nephrons (filtration system of the kidneys)

Question 10

how do the metanephric diverticulum and the metanephric mass of intermediate tissue effect each other?

Answer 10

the ureteric bud grows into the the intermediate tissue and induces the metanephrogenic blastoma.
the metanephrogenic blastema induces the ureteric bud to undergo successive branching

Question 11

Branching of ureteric bud

Answer 11

Major Calices (1-4) –> Minor Calices (4-8) –> collecting tubules (>8)

Question 12

What makes up a corposcule

Answer 12

The bowmans capsule and the glomerulus

Question 13

Parts of nephron

Answer 13

Corposcule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule

Question 14

metanephric vesicles, what induces them and what do they turn into?

Answer 14

Initial metanephric blastema growth, induced by outgrowth of ureteric bud (primordial collecting tubule). Elongate into metanephric tubules, which attach to ureteric bud, become continuous with it.

Question 15

What creates the bowman’s capsule?

Answer 15

Is the metanephric tubule (now attached to the ureteric bud) that becomes invaginated by the glomerulus capillaries

Question 16

What develops into the urorectal septum

Answer 16

The cloaca.

Question 17

What does the urorectal septum separate?

Answer 17

The rectum, and the urogenital sinus

Question 18

parts of the urogenital sinus

Answer 18

vesicle part –> bladder
pelvic part –> urethra
phallic part –> grows towards genital tubercle

Question 19

epithelium of bladder

Answer 19

endoderm

Question 20

outer layer of bladder

Answer 20

mesoderm

Question 21

relationship of early bladder and alantois

Answer 21

They are continuous with each other

Question 22

what does the urethra develop from?

Answer 22

The metanephros

Question 23

trigone of the bladder

Answer 23

forms a triangle, top two points are where the ureters enter, bottom point where urethra exits

Question 24

position of bladder in children vs. adults

Answer 24

children is abdominal, adult is pelvic

Question 25

potter sequence

Answer 25

not enough amniotic fluid for the fetus, the body doesn’t have enough space to grow so the bones and muscles are all squished up

Question 26

prune belly syndrome

Answer 26

Connections between the two portions of the urethra were not made, the body is not releasing it’s urines fom posterior urethral valves. This also means that there is not enough amniotic fluid for the baby.