T3: Urinary Elimination (CH. 21) Flashcards
___ ___ are not easily discussed with the older population.
urinary problems
With urinary issues being difficult to discuss in the older population, this may result in delayed __, __, and __.
detection, diagnosis, and treatment
Urinary problems negatively impacts total body ___ and ___ well-being.
health
psychosocial
Their is ___ and ___ of the bladder muscle.
hypertrophy
thickening
___ bladder ability to expand.
decreased
Reduced __ capacity.
storage
Daytime urinary ___ increases.
frequency
kidney circulation improves in ___ position.
recumbent
their are changes in cortical control of ___.
micturition
Their is inefficient neurological control of bladder ___ and ___ bladder muscle.
emptying
weaker
There is ___ of large volumes of urine.
retention
Retention of large volumes of urine leads to what in men and what in women?
men: prostatic hypertrophy
women: fecal impaction
Kidney ___ ability decreases.
filtration
The decrease of kidney filtration affects the ability to ___ ___.
eliminate drugs
The decrease in the ability to eliminate drugs leads to a potential for ____.
adverse drug reactions
There is reduced __ function.
renal
Reduced renal function leads to high _____ levels.
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
High BUN levels can lead to:
lethargy, confusion, headache, and drowsiness
There is decreased tubular ___
function
The __ of urine changes in response to water and/or sodium excess/depletion.
concentration
There is an increase in renal threshold for ___.
glucose
There are ___ results for glucose in the urine without symptoms.
false-negative
Most common form of bacteria in UTI?
e-coli
Incontinence when pressure is placed on the pelvic floor (laughing, coughing, sneezing)
Stress
Incontinence due to irritation or spasms of bladder wall, causes sudden elimination
of urine
Urgency
Incontinence due to an excessive accumulation of urine in the bladder
Overflow
Incontinence due to inability to sense the urge to void or control urine flow
Neurogenic (reflex)
Incontinence due to disabilities that prevent independent toileting
functional
Incontinence that is due to a bunch of factors
mixed
Which type of incontinence is caused by bladder neck obstructions and medications?
Overflow
Bladder muscles fail to contract or periurethral muscles do not relax,
leading to _________.
excessive accumulation of urine in the bladder
The initial step with incontinence is to:
identify the cause
Treatment goals are developed based on the underlying __ and __ of UI.
cause
type
__ __ and __ are extremely beneficial to those with urinary incontinence.
positive reinforcement
encouragement
Most common infection in older adults/increases with age?
UTI
Most common organisms for a UTI?
women: e.coli
men: proteus
__ __ is 3x more likely in men.
bladder cancer
S/S of bladder cancer?
painless hematuria and they resemble UTI’s
What are some causes of renal calculi (kidney stones)?
immobilization, infection, changes in pH or concentration of urine, chronic diarrhea, dehydration, excessive elimination of uric acid, and hypercalcemia.
There is a need for __ while discussing urinary problems with the older adult.
sensitivity
Nurses need to consider __ and __ toward urinary incontinence.
fear
anxiety
Provide education and ___ expectations.
realistic
Use __ and maintain __ when discussing urinary problems with the older adult.
discretion
dignity
Limit __ and __ for a patient with glomerulonephritis.
sodium and protein
S/S of glomerulonephritis:
oliguria, proteinuria, and hematuria
Condition in which there is inflammation of the glomeruli, which filter blood as it passes through the kidneys
glomerulonephritis
_____ incontinence: involuntary loss of urine that can have an abrupt or sudden onset and is chronic
Established
