T1: Life Transitions/Stress Adaptation (CH 4) Flashcards
“growing old is __ __”
not easy
Multitude of changes during the aging process require what 3 things?
stamina
ability
flexibility
Many factors affect older adults’ ability to cope with __
multiple changes of aging
Prejudices and stereotypes applied to older adults based on age
ageism
Ageism in society:
___ against older adults
___ and misconceptions
Consequences of ageism: erode their ___
Biases
Stereotypes
dignity
Need to heighten societal awareness of the ___ __ __
realities of aging
Changes in today’s ___ family affect the roles and functions of the older adult within the family unit.
nuclear
Their are both __ and __ changes for older adults
negative
positive
Adjustment to changes in responsibilities and roles is an important ___ of aging.
challenge
Changes in the parental role, such as a kid going to college, can lead to __ __ __
sense of loss
Historical role of __ and __ influenced by today’s older women.
wife
mother
Changing roles for men influences our view of __ role of today’s older men.
provider
Regular contact by children is usually ___, which can provide enjoyment.
maintained
Grandparenting is a new role in life, as is ___
step-grandparenting
Changes in family structure and activities bring new ___ to today’s grandparents.
challenges
Active lifestyles of older adults require the children/grandchildren to __.
adapt
Grandparenthood is a ___ role.
learned
Many older adults may assume ___ caregiving responsibilities for their grandchildren.
primary
Nurses can guide older adults as they ___ assuming this new role
contemplate
____ are available to assist those who choose the caregiving role.
Organizations
__ __ __ is a common event that alters life for many older persons.
Death of spouse
Adjustment to widowhood:
- Task of living alone
- Developing alternative roles
- Income issues
- Loss of an intimate partner
- Choosing a new lifestyle
Loss of work role issues:
- May need to adjust to a reduced income
- May be viewed as an undesirable state
6 phases of retirement:
PRDRRT
- pre-retirement phase
- retirement phase
- disenchantment phase
- reorientation phase
- retirement routine phase
- termination of retirement phase
Nurses must evaluate own __ toward retirement
attitudes
Nurses can be good role model of constructive retirement __ and __.
practices and attitudes
Retirement income is less than __ of earned income.
half
Social security income: intended as supplement but is often ___.
primary source of income
Nurses should encourage __ preparations for old age.
financial
Nurses should recognize the impact of __ __ on health status.
economic welfare
Older adults have to adjust to new __ image, and accept the societal expectations of the __ in function.
body
decline
Nursing interventions for decline in function:
- educate about age related changes
- promote optimum function
- promote optimum health
- prevent disease
- preserve independence and dignity !!
They have a __ social world.
shrinking
What are 4 reasonings behind a shrinking social world?
- loss of social connections
- risk of loneliness
- facing fact of growing old
- potential failure to thrive
Widowhood, the death of friends, and the recognition of declining functions __ older persons’ awareness of the reality of their own deaths.
heighten
___ is more tolerable if life has __ and ___.
death
depth and meaning
Erikson’s stage during the elderly adult population?
Integrity vs despair
Some nursing interventions for life transitions? (4)
- life review
- eliciting a life story
- promoting self-reflection
- strengthening inner resources
__ __ is the process of intentionally reflection on past experiences
life review
3 parts to personal identity:
body
mind
spirit
2 hallmarks of successful aging?
knowledge of self
personal identity
Physical, emotional, and spiritual resources that older adults may possess that enable them to __ to old age
survive
__ fosters empowerment
Hope
Some misconceptions older adults:
- Old people are sick and __.
- Most old people are in __ homes.
- ___ comes with old age.
- People are either very tranquil or very cranky as they age.
- Old people have lower __ and are resistant to change.
- Old people are not able to have __ __ and are not interested in sex.
- There are few __ in old age.
- disabled
- nursing
- Dementia
- intelligence
- sexual intercourse
- satisfactions
___ identity largely determines an individual’s social position and social role.
Occupational
When one’s work is one’s primary interest, activity, and source of social contacts, separation from work leaves a significant ___ in one’s life.
void
What phase? When the reality of retirement is evident, preparation for leaving one’s job begins, as does fantasy regarding the retirement role.
Pre-retirement phase
What phase? Following the retirement event, a somewhat euphoric period begins, a “honeymoon period,” in which fantasies from the preretirement phase are tested.
Retirement phase
What phase? As life begins to stabilize, a letdown, sometimes a depression, is experienced.
disenchantment phase
What phase? As realistic choices and alternative sources of satisfaction are considered, the disenchantment with the new retirement routine can be replaced by developing a lifestyle that provides some satisfaction.
Reorientation phase
What phase? An understanding of the retirement role is achieved, and this provides a framework for concern, involvement, and action in the older person’s life.
Retirement routine phase
What phase? The retirement role is lost as a result of either the resumption of a work role or dependency due to illness or disability
Termination of retirement phase
Nursing interventions are applicable to each __ of retirement.
phase
It is sometimes difficult for the aging person to accept the body’s __ efficiency.
declining
___ expectations frequently determine the adjustment individuals make to declining function.
Societal
Older adults have difficulty in acceptance of __ changes.
physical
Common results of declining function are __ and __.
illness and disability
At a time of many losses and adjustments, personal contact, __, extra support, and attention are needed.
love
Life review can be a positive experience because older adults can reflect on the obstacles they have overcome and ___ they have made. It can also provide the incentive to heal fractured __ and complete unfinished business.
relationships
accomplishments
Life review, however, can be a ___ experience for older adults who realize the mistakes they’ve made and the lives they’ve hurt.
painful
The young can also benefit from the reminiscences of older adults by gaining a new perspective on life as they learn about their __.
ancestry
The nurse can facilitate life review by eliciting the older adult’s life ___.
story
Is eliciting life stories from older persons a difficult process?
No, in fact most older adults welcome opportunity to share their life histories and life lessons.
One of the hallmarks of successful aging is __ __ __.
knowledge of self
__ __ __: an awareness of the realities of who one is and one’s place in the world.
knowledge of self
The __ includes physical characteristics and functioning.
body
The __ encompasses cognition, perception, and emotions.
mind
The __ consists of meaning and purpose derived from a relationship with God or other higher power.
spirit
The process of __ often facilitates self-reflection.
writing
__ or e-mails are another means to reflect and express feelings.
Letters
Many people find that __, sculpting, weaving, and other forms of creative expression facilitate self-reflection and expression.
painting
