T1: SAFETY (CH 14) Flashcards
Older adults face __ as any other adults
hazards
Risks are compounded by age-related factors that reduce their capacity to ____ themselves.
-They have an increased vulnerability to safety __
protect themselves
hazards
Nursing assessment includes a review of __ __ __
risks of safety
Interventions necessary to address threats to their __, __, and __.
safety, life, well-being
Injury rate for older adults falls in __ for all age groups
midrange
__ women have a higher rate of injuries than other adult female age groups
Older
__ rank sixth leading cause of death
Accidents
__ leading cause of injury-related death
Falls
There is a greater risk of nosocomial __; gastroenteritis caused by __; and urinary tract infections are __.
pneumonia
salmonella
higher
Definition: Macroenvironment
Elements of larger world that affects groups or entire populations
Older adults need safe, functional, comfortable, personal, and normalizing environment to compensate for ___.
limitations
Some considerations for safety can include what “things” to look at?
lighting, temperature, colors, scents, floor coverings, furniture, sensory stimulation, noise control, bathroom hazards, and psychosocial factors
Light has a profound effect on visibility which affects their __, __, and mood and ___.
Function
Orientation
behavior
Is bright or diffuse lighting better?
diffuse
Nightlights: __ __ light in bedroom
soft red
Older adults have __ than normal body temperatures due to __ natural insulation
lower
decreased
Maintaining adequate ___ temperature is significant for older adults
environmental
Recommended room temperature for older adults is ___: lower temperature leads to ___
75 F
hypothermia
Direct correlation exists between body temperature and __
performance
Older adults are especially sensitive to ___ temperatures
lower
The recommended room temperature for an older person should not be lower than __F (or __C)
75 F (24 C)
Color:
Can be stimulating and increase pulse, blood pressure, and appetite
Red, yellow, and white
Color:
Can be relaxing
Blue, brown, and earth tones
Color:
Can stimulate appetite
Orange
Color:
Can decrease appetite
Violet
Color:
MASTER HEALER! & Can give a sense of well-being
Green
Color:
Can be depressing
Black and gray
Like topical medications, __ __ are absurd in the skin and produce physiological effects
essential oils
Carpets: sound absorber but can cause ___
problems
Problems with carpets:
- static electricity and feet getting stuck to it due to not lifting foot high enough when walking
- difficult wheelchair mobility
- harder to clean
- odors
- pests living under it
- FALLS
Scattered rugs or area rugs can cause __
falls
Furnishings should be what 3 things:
- appealing
- functioning
- comfortable
Chairs should be correct height with __ __
arm rests
__ should be easy to clean
Upholstery
Tables and bookcases should be __
sturdy
Create an environment pleasing to __!! Examples??
senses
ex:
soft blankets, textured walls, plants, flowers, pictures, soft music, pets, oils, scents, etc
Using an environment pleasing is good for those who are ___.
bedbound
Sounds can create __ for older adults
difficulties
What is a Furniture Fall?
They tend to reach for something and they fall
Noise __ begins with the design of the building, landscape, and other devices
control
Intercoms and paging systems are __
disruptive
What are some things to consider to change in the bathroom to make it more safe?
- Lighting (small light always on)
- Floor surfaces (clear)
- Faucets (ones you dont need to put force into to turn on)
- Tubs and shower stalls (nonslip)
- Toilets (grab bars)
- Electrical appliances
Risk for __ injury is a common home hazard
burn
What are some fire hazards?
- Careless disposal of matches and cigarettes
- Space heaters should have automatic shut-off
- chimney not cleaned
Feelings and behavior are influenced by individual’s __
environments
The more dependent and ill individuals are, the more personal __ and __ may be invaded.
space and privacy
Unfortunately, for these individuals who have experienced multiple losses and a shrinking social world, the regulation of privacy and personal space may be:
one of the few controls they can exercise.
35 % -40% of persons aged 65 and older experience a __ each year
fall
Improper use of mobility aids, medications, postural hypotension, environmental hazard, and caregiver-related factors can all lead to what?
falls
Prevention of falls:
use of prescribed eyeglasses, change position slowly, proper use of canes and walkers, use of handrails, and grab bars, litter-free floors, adequate lighting, and regular medication review
Nursing assessment for prevention of falls:
- Regular inspection for and correction of environmental hazards
- Medication review
- Programs to prevent falls
Nursing assessment after fall:
Keep immobile until full examination
__ of injury is essential!!
Prevention
Poor judgment can lead to denial or lack of awareness of ___.
limitations
Slower response and reaction times is a __ __.
safety hazard
Older adults have __ movement and poor __
slower
coordination
What are some interventions to reduce INTRINSIC risk factors?
- monitory body temperature
- prevent infection
- suggest sensible clothing
- use meds cautiously
- promote safe driving
- detect problems early
Definition:
the immediate surrounds with which a person closely interacts
microenvironment
___ and ___ rank as the fourth leading cause of death in this age group, and pneumonia is the leading cause of infection-related death.
Pneumonia
influenza
Microenvironment examples:
furnishings, wall coverings, lighting, room temperature, and room sounds
Macroenvironment examples:
the weather, pollution, traffic, and natural resources
The environment provides more than shelter; it should promote continued development, stimulation, and satisfaction to enhance our ___ well-being.
psychological
To achieve the fullest satisfaction from their microenvironments, older adults must have various levels of ___ met within their surroundings.
needs
___ is the therapeutic use of essential oils.
aromatherapy
Essential oils are highly volatile droplets made by ___ and stored in their veins, glands, or sacs; when they are released (by crushing or breaking open the plant), the ___ is released along with them.
plants
aroma
When the chemicals within the essential oils are inhaled, they are carried to the __ __, stimulating nerve impulses that travel to the ___ system of the brain for processing.
olfactory bulb
limbic
An organ called the __ is housed in the limbic system and stores memories associated with different scents.
amygdala
Although fewer than 5% of older adults reside in nursing homes, approximately 25% of older persons will spend some time in such a facility during :
their last years of life.
Therefore, nonuse of physical and chemical restraints is a standard that gerontological nurses should promote in all __ __.
clinical settings
___ perception declines with age, causing older persons to be less aware of their fluid needs.
Thirst
Unless contraindicated, older adults should ingest at least ___ mL of fluid each day.
1,500
