T3: Comfort & Pain Management (CH. 13) Flashcards
Abrupt onset and lasting a short period of time
Acute pain
Occurs from an abnormal processing of sensory stimuli by the central or
peripheral nervous system
Neuropathic pain
Arises from mechanical, thermal, or chemical noxious stimuli; can be somatic
or visceral
Nociceptive pain
Chronic pain that has been present for 3 months or longer
Persistent pain
__ is the fifth vital sign.
Pain
Meaning of comfort ___ among individuals
varies
Defined as to release from suffering, free from pain
Comfort
Prevalence of factors threatening comfort increases with ___.
age
__ is the greatest threat to comfort.
pain
Defined as unpleasant sensory and emotional experience
Pain
__ is subjective and relies on person’s perception
Pain
Pain is ____ in older population.
predominant
___ is a relative term.
Comfort
Comfort tends to be a state often taken for granted until it is ___.
threatened
___ people suffer day-long bouts of pain.
1 in 4
___ patients aged 65+ experience pain lasting for one year or more.
3 of 5
____ pain is the most common.
low back
___ pain is increased with age.
severe joint
Pain is classified according to ___ mechanism.
pathophysiological
___ pain is classified as mechanical, thermal, and chemical.
Nociceptive
__ pain is the abnormal processing of sensory stimuli by central or peripheral nervous systems.
Neuropathic
Nociceptive pain is divided into what 2 categories?
Somatic and Visceral
Bone or soft tissue masses; localized
Somatic
Pain that is generalized or referred
Visceral
What pain is DEEP and aching?
visceral
What pain is throbbing or aching?
Somatic
What pain is sharp, stabbing, tingling, burning, and the onset is high intensity?
Neuropathic pain
What is somatic pain?
Well localized, throbbing or aching.
The role of age in pain perception is ___.
unclear
The research findings related ot pain is ___.
minimal
Experience of pain is complicated by __ __ in many older adults.
chronic diseases
Each individual has their own ___ pain experience.
unique
Complications of unrelieved pain can include:
- limited mobility
- develop pressure ulcers
- pneumonia
- constipation
- poor appetite
- depression, hopelessness
- spiritual distress
What kind of questions are more effective when dealign with pain?
open-ended
If an individual is cognitively impaired, the nurse should document unique __ of pain.
indicators
What are some pain assessment techniques?
- numeric rating scale
- visual analog scale
- McGill Pain Questionnaire
Mr. D suffers from late-stage dementia. Which behavior best indicates that he is in pain? A. Self-report of pain B. Family stating that he is in pain C. Agitation and decreased socialization D. Wandering behavior
C. Agitation and decreased socialization
Although ___ have a significant role in pain management, they should not be the only approach used.
medications
___ can influence inflammation and its pain, particularly arthritic pain that is common in the older population.
Diet
Foods to consider avoiding include:
known to cause inflammation
animal products, high-fat dairy products, egg yolks, beef fat, safflower, corn, sunflower, soybean, peanut oils, white flour, sugars, and “junk foods”.
Medication Management can be ___.
complicated
With medication, the risk of __ effects is high with older adults.
adverse
Trial of __ should be used before opioids are used.
nonopioids
Start __ and go __ with medications. (same word for both blanks)
slow
__ medications may benefit older adults.
Adjuvant (used with meds to help it act better/faster)
What medication issued more commonly with older adults?
Acetaminophen
What is an example of an NSAID?
Ibuprofen
__ treat moderate to severe pain.
Opioids
What are 2 examples of an opioid?
morphine, fentanyl patches
__ and __ is contradicted with older adults.
Propoxyphene and Pentazocine
Which medications, commonly used for pain, is contraindicated in the older adult related to potential side effects?
D. Propoxyphene (Darvocet)
Why is Propoxyphene contraindicated in the older adult?
Because it has the potential for central nervous system and cardiac toxicity
Give the patient __ ___ regardless of the length of the interaction.
undivided attention
Encourage the patient to speak and demonstrate interest through body language and feedback shows that you are __ __.
listening attentively
Nonpharmacologic approaches to pain management should be considered, including __ __ and __ __.
dietary modifications and comfort measures
