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Fundamentals 2 Pt. 2 > T3: Integumentary (CH. 27) > Flashcards

T3: Integumentary (CH. 27) Flashcards

1
Q

Most obvious effects of aging are the changes involving

the ___ system

A

integumentary

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2
Q

Past ___ practices greatly influence the integumentary system.

A

health

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3
Q

Problems involving other body systems can result from

an ___ integumentary system

A

unhealthy

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4
Q

__ can play important role in promoting healthy

skin.

A

Nursing

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5
Q

Effects of aging on the skin includes ___ of the dermal-epidermal junction.

A

flattening

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6
Q

There is reduced __ and __ of the dermis.

A

thickness

vascularity

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7
Q

There is a reduction of epidermal ___.

A

turnover

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8
Q

There is a ___ of elastic fibers.

A

degeneration

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9
Q

There is increased __ of collagen.

A

coarseness

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10
Q

There is a reduction in ___.

A

melanocytes

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11
Q

There is atrophy of hair __ and decline in the rate of hair and __ growth.

A

bulbs

nail

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12
Q

There is increased __ of the skin.

A

fragility

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13
Q

These skin changes potentially affect body image, self-concept, reactions from others, socialization, and other __ __.

A

psychological factors

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14
Q

To promote skin health what are some ideas?

A
  • avoid agents that irritate the skin
  • good skin nutrition
  • promote activity
  • hydration using bath oils, location, and massage
  • avoid excessive bathing
  • early treat of pruritus and skin lesions
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15
Q

Individuals should avoid exposure to UV rays by:

A
  • using sunscreen

- wear sun glasses

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16
Q

Encourage ___ of entire body on a regular basis.

A

self-inspection

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17
Q

Individuals need to detect abnormalities by using (ABCDE), which stands for what?

A 
asymmetry
border irregularity
color
diameter
elevation in height
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18
Q

Encourage your patient to look their best and make the most of their ___.

A

appearance

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19
Q

Efforts to avoid normal outcomes of aging can be

fruitless and __.

A

frustrating

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20
Q

When somebody wants surgery, assess the ___ for seeking this cosmetic surgery.

A

reasons

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21
Q

Nurses have the best opportunity with the most direct contact to __ the skin.

A

assess

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22
Q

What are some components of physical examination?

A
  • skin surface
  • lesions
  • turgor
  • pressure
  • tolerance
  • temperature
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23
Q

Most common dermatologic problem among older adults

A

pruritis

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24
Q

What are some causes of pruritus?

A

atrophic changes alone could be responsible, conditions that dry skin, excessive bathing, and heat

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25
Q

This condition is also referred to as actinic or solar ___.

A

keratosis

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26
Q

These are small, light colored lesions, gray or brown in color, on exposed areas of skin.

A

keratosis

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27
Q

Dark, wart-like projections on the skin on various parts of body

A

seborrheic keratosis

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28
Q

Body locations of seborrheic keratosis?

A

trunk, face and neck

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29
Q

Seborrheic keratosis are __ lesions.

A

benign

30
Q

Most common form of skin cancer?

A

basal cell carcinoma

31
Q

Basal cell carcinoma grows __ and rarely ___.

A

slowly

metastasized

32
Q

Small, done-shaped elevations covered by small blood vessels

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

33
Q
  • Resemble small benign flesh-colored moles w/ “pearl” appearance
  • May appear more dark than shiny w. melanin pigments in growth
A

basal cell carcinomas

34
Q

Firm, skin-colored or red nodules

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

35
Q

Common locations of squamous cell carcinoma?

A

scar tissue, lower lip, and on epidermis but CAN metastasize

36
Q

Which cancer tends to more easily metastasize?

A

melanoma

37
Q

3 types of Melanoma?

A

Lentigo maligna melanoma, superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma

38
Q

This black, brown, white, or red pigmented flat lesion occurs predominately on sun-exposed areas of the body. With time, it enlarges and becomes progressively irregularly pigmented. The mean age at diagnosis is 67.

A

Lentigo maligna melanoma.

39
Q

Most melanomas are of this type. The lesion appears as variable pigmented plaque with an irregular border. It can occur on any area of the body. Its incidence peaks in middle age and continues to be high through the eighth decade.

A

Superficial spreading melanoma.

40
Q

This melanoma can be found on any body surface and presents as a darkly pigmented papule that increases in size over time

A

Nodular melanoma.

41
Q

There are weakened __ walls in the older adult.

A

vein

42
Q

There is reduced ability of veins to __ to increased venous pressure.

A

respond

43
Q

Fluid build up in the legs is called __ __.

A

stasis dermatitis

44
Q

An inflammatory condition associated with chronic venous insufficiency.

A

stasis dermatitis

45
Q

Venous return can be enhanced by:

A
  • elevating the legs several times a day
  • by preventing interferences to circulation, such as standing for long periods, sitting with legs crossed, and wearing garters.
  • Elastic support stockings
46
Q

__ __ often appear on the medial aspect of the tibia above the malleolus and, prior to skin breakdown, present as a dark discoloration of the skin.

A

stasis ulcers

47
Q

Tissue anoxia and ischemia resulting from pressure can cause the__, __, and __ of tissue.

A

necrosis, sloughing, and ulceration

48
Q

Common sites of pressure ulcers?

A

bony prominences

49
Q

What stage: A persistent area of skin redness (without a break in the skin) that does not disappear when pressure is relieved. Usually over a bony prominence

A

stage 1

50
Q

What stage: A partial-thickness loss of skin layers involving the epidermis that presents clinically as an intact or open/ruptured blister, or open shallow crater

A

stage 2

51
Q

What stage: A full thickness of skin is lost extending through the epidermis and exposing the subcutaneous tissues; presents as a deep crater with or without tunneling and undermining adjacent tissue

A

stage 3

52
Q

What stage: A full thickness of skin and subcutaneous tissue is lost, exposing muscle, bone, or both; presents as a deep crater that may include necrotic tissue, slough, or eschar. Tunneling and undermining often is present

A

stage 4

53
Q

What stage: Full-thickness loss of tissue with base covered by slough and/or eschar. Stage cannot be determined until sough or eschar is removed to
expose the base and actual depth of wound.

A

unstageable

54
Q

What stage? Localized area of non-blanchable deep red or purple discoloration with
a dark wound bed or blood-filled blister due to intense or prolonged pressure or shearing force. Skin may be intact or nonintact.

A

DTI- Deep Tissue Injury (also considered unstageable)

55
Q

__ is the priority intervention of pressure ulcers.

A

Prevention

56
Q

With pressure ulcers, it is essential to avoid unrelieved __.

A

pressure

57
Q

What are some nursing interventions to prevent pressure ulcers?

A

Encourage activity, reposition q 2 hr, avoid shearing forces, not
elevating HOB greater 30 degrees, do not pull patients up in bed, use of
pillows, alternating pressure mattresses, water beds

58
Q

What is the pressure ulcer scale??

A

BRADEN SCALE!!!!

59
Q

___: fluid that accumulates in a wound; may contain serum, cellular debris, bacteria, and white blood cells

A

Exudate

60
Q

__ drainage: comprised of white blood cells, liquefied dead tissue debris, and both dead and live bacteria

A

Purulent

61
Q

___ drainage: composed of clear, serous portion of the blood and from serous membranes

A

Serous

62
Q

___ drainage: mixture of serum and red blood cells

A

Serosanguineous

63
Q

___ drainage: containing or mixed with blood

A

sanguineous

64
Q

___: stage of wound healing in which epithelial cells form across the surface of a wound; tissue color ranges from the color of “ground glass” to pink

A

Epithelialization

65
Q

___: thick, leathery scab or dry crust that is necrotic and must be removed for adequate healing to occur

A

Eschar

66
Q

____ : occurs when two surfaces rub against each other; the resulting injury resembles an abrasion and can also damage superficial blood vessels directly under the skin

A

Friction

67
Q

___ tissue: new tissue that is pink/red in color and composed of fibroblasts and small blood vessels that fill an open wound when it starts to heal

A

Granulation

68
Q

___ : softening through liquid; overhydration

A

Maceration

69
Q

___: death of cells and tissue

A

Necrosis

70
Q

___: force created when layers of tissue move on one another

A

Shear

Fundamentals 2 Pt. 2 (26 decks)

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