T1: Ethical Considerations (CH 9) Flashcards
__ __: principles guiding right and wrong conduct
Professional Ethics
Good acts benefitting greatest number of people
Utiliarianism
Morally acceptable benefit for oneself
Egoism
Right and wrong relative to situation
Relativism
Specific truths to guide actions. The truths can vary depending on a person’s beliefs.
Absolutism
means “to do good for patients”
Beneficence
means “prevent harm”
Nonmaleficence
means “to be fair, treat people equally, and give patients the service they need”
Justice
means “To respect our words and duty to patients” (loyalty and faithfulness)
Fidelity
means “truthfulness”
Veracity
means “respect freedom, preferences, and rights”
Autonomy
means “To respect the privacy”
Confidentiality
Do most clinical situations have simple, clear-cut ethical decisions?
NO- every scenario is different
The ___ Code of Ethics for Nurses offers ethics that outline the broad values of the profession.
American Nurses Association (ANA)
The ___ has developed the Code of Ethics for Holistic Nursing that provides guidance for nurses’ actions and responsibilities for self, others, and the environment.
American Holistic Nurses Association
What are some external ethical standards?
- Fed, state, and local standards (in the form of regulations)
- JCO (in the form of standards)
- Individual agencies (have goals philosophies, and objectives)
This principle is based on the belief that the education and experience of nurses enable them to make sound decisions that serve patients’ best interests. Nurses are challenged to take actions that are good for patients while not ignoring patients’ desires.
Beneficence
This principle could be viewed as a subset of beneficence because the intent is ultimately to take action that is good for patients. In addition to not directly performing an act that causes harm, actions such as informing management that staffing is inadequate to provide safe care support this.
Nonmaleficence
At the foundation of this principle is the belief that patients are entitled to services based on need, regardless of the ability to pay. Scarce resources have challenged this concept of unrestricted access and use of health care services.
Justice
This principle is central to all nurse–patient interactions because the quality of this relationship depends on trust and integrity.
Fidelity and veracity
This principle ensures and protects older patients’ right to provide informed consent are consistent with this principle.
Autonomy
This principle includes the idea that patients often share highly personal information with nurses and need to feel assured that their trust will not be violated.
Confidentiality
__ __ can emerge when other circumstances interfere with the clear, basic application of ethical principles.
Ethical dilemmas
An issue that must be considered in nursing practice is that what may be considered an ethical practice for some individuals may not be viewed as such by others due to their ___ backgrounds.
cultural
Nurses need to appreciate that ethical issues are influenced by ___.
culture
What are 6 changes that are Increasing Ethical Dilemmas for Nurses?
- expanded ___ of nurse
- med ___ increasing
- new __ constraints
- __ of interest
- ___ number of older adults
- assisted ___
role technology fiscal conflicts higher suicide
What are some measures to help nurses make ethical decisions?
- Encourage patients’ expression of desires
- Identify significant others who impact and are impacted
- Know yourself
- Your views and beliefs
- Read and discuss
- Form an ethics committee
- Consult experts
- Share and evaluate decisions
___ are beliefs that guide life and assist in determining the right course of action to take.
Ethics
___ differences can cause variation in the way individuals view right and wrong.
Philosophical
