T1: Common Aging Changes (CH 5)

Question 1

Living is a process of ___ change

Answer 1

continual

Question 2

Changes of aging are highly ___

Answer 2

individualized

Question 3

Alterations in changes in aging are influenced by things such as:

Answer 3

Genetic Factors, environment, diet, health, stress, and lifestyle changes

Question 4

Aging changes start at the basic ___ level

Answer 4

cellular

Question 5

Cell number reduces, leaving decreased number of __ __

Answer 5

functional cells

Question 6

Lean body mass ___

Answer 6

decreases

Question 7

Total body fat __

Answer 7

increases

Question 8

Extracellular fluid remains __; intracellular fluid __, resulting in __ total body fluid

Answer 8

constant
reduces
less

Question 9

Noticeable changes occur after the __ decade of life

Answer 9

fourth

Question 10

What are 3 signs of aging?

Answer 10

Hair loss, gray hair, and wrinkles

Question 11

What are some signs of aging when talking about the loss of tissue elasticity?

Answer 11

-elongated ears, baggy eyelids, and double chin

Question 12

There is a ___ of tissue elasticity.

Answer 12

loss

Question 13

There is a ___ of subcutaneous fat, which results in a ___ in body’s natural insulation.

Answer 13

Loss

decline

Question 14

There is diminished stature related to reduced ___, loss of ___, and thinning of __.

Answer 14

hydration
cartilage
vertebrae

Question 15

There is a ___ in respiratory activity.

Answer 15

Reduction

Question 16

___ of costal cartilage makes the trachea and rib cage more rigid

Answer 16

Calcification

Question 17

There is a ___ of cough and laryngeal reflexes

Answer 17

Reduction

Question 18

There is ___ residual capacity and reduced vital capacity

Answer 18

Increased

Question 19

Older adults are at a high risk for __ __.

Answer 19

respiratory infection

Question 20

Heart dimensions are ___ in the absence of pathology

Answer 20

unchanged

Question 21

The heart muscle loses __ and __ __ , which results in reduced cardiac output with physiologic stress

Answer 21

efficiency and contractile strength

Question 22

The heart muscle loses efficiency and contractile strength, which results in reduced ____

Answer 22

cardiac output with physiologic stress

Question 23

The heart valves become ___ and ___

Answer 23

thick and rigid

Question 24

The blood vessels have reduced ___.

Answer 24

elasticity

Question 25

Oxygen is used ___ efficiently

Answer 25

less

Question 26

Is tooth loss a normal part of aging?

Answer 26

No

Question 27

The older adult has less acute taste ___.

Answer 27

sensations

Question 28

They have a decreased esophageal ___.

Answer 28

motility

Question 29

There is atrophy of the __

Answer 29

small & large intestines.

Question 30

They are at risk for: | 3

Answer 30

aspiration, indigestion, and constipation.

Question 31

There is a decline of __ blood flow & __ __ by approximately 50% by age of 90

Answer 31

renal | glomerular filtration

Question 32

There is a reduced __ capacity.

Answer 32

bladder

Question 33

___ is not a normal part of aging.

Answer 33

Incontinence

Question 34

Changes to reproductive system for men:

Answer 34

reduction in sperm | prostate enlargement

Question 35

Changes to reproductive system for women:

Answer 35

- atrophy of vulva (dried vaginal canal) | - estrogen depletion

Question 36

Do both sexes engage in & enjoy intercourse?

Answer 36

yes

Question 37

__ & ___ cause decrease in height

Answer 37

Thinning disks & shortening vertebrae

Question 38

There is decreased bone __ and __.

Answer 38

mineral | mass

Question 39

There is diminished __ absorption.

Answer 39

calcium

Question 40

The diminished calcium absorption leads to an increased risk for ___

Answer 40

fractures

Question 41

There is a decline in weight and reduced blood flow of the brain; does it affecting thinking & behavior?

Answer 41

No

Question 42

(Brain) Reduction in __, __ __, and __ __ __ .

Answer 42

neurons nerve fibers cerebral blood flow

Question 43

Slower response to change in ___

Answer 43

balance

Question 44

Hypothalamus less effective in temperature ___

Answer 44

regulation

Question 45

Changes in sleep patterns with frequent ___ during sleep

Answer 45

awakening

Question 46

Definition: inability to focus on close objects clearly

Answer 46

Presbyopia

Question 47

Narrowing of the visual field leads to:

Answer 47

decreased peripheral vision

Question 48

__ size reduced and less reactive to light

Answer 48

Pupil

Question 49

Depth perception is ___

Answer 49

distorted

Question 50

Visual acuity __

Answer 50

declines

Question 51

Definition: progressive loss of hearing

Answer 51

Presbycusis

Question 52

Distortion of __-pitched sounds

Answer 52

high

Question 53

__ increased in ear canal: affects hearing

Answer 53

Cerumen

Question 54

There is an alteration in ___ when cerumen gets stuck in the ear canal.

Answer 54

equilibrium

Question 55

Taste acuity becomes dependent on ___

Answer 55

smell

Question 56

Atrophy of tongue can diminish ___

Answer 56

taste

Question 57

What 3 things can affect taste?

Answer 57

Decreased saliva, poor oral hygiene, and medications

Question 58

There is a reduction of tactile ___.

Answer 58

sensation

Question 59

Reduced ability to sense __, discomfort, and deviations in __

Answer 59

pressure | temperature

Question 60

___ gland activity decreases

Answer 60

Thyroid

Question 61

___ (hormone) secretion decreases with age.

Answer 61

ACTH | andrenotocorticotropic hormone

Question 62

Pituitary gland decreases in ___.

Answer 62

volume

Question 63

___ release by beta cells delayed and insufficient

Answer 63

Insulin

Question 64

The ability to metabolize glucose is reduced. T/F?

Answer 64

True

Question 65

Higher __ __ in nondiabetics is possible.

Answer 65

blood glucose

Question 66

What are the 5 changes to the skin? - Skin less __, more dry, and fragile - Decreased ___ fat - Increased benign and malignant skin ___ - Thinning, ___ of hair - Reduced __ gland activity

Answer 66

``` elastic subcutaneous neoplasm graying sweat ```

Question 67

What are 4 changes to the immune system, not including that it is depressed? - __ activity declines - Cell-mediated __ declines - Risk for __ becomes significant - __ defenses decline; presents atypically

Answer 67

T-cell immunity infection Inflammatory

Question 68

What are 3 changes to the body's thermoregulation? - Normal body temperatures ___ in older age (96.9-98.3F) - ___ temperature reduced - __ to heat altered

Answer 68

lowered Ability to respond to cold Response

Question 69

``` All of these factors can affect the ___. Health status Genetic factors Educational achievements Activities Physical changes Social changes ```

Answer 69

mind

Question 70

No ___ type labels all older adults

Answer 70

personality

Question 71

What can cause a change in personality?

Answer 71

- Retirement - Death of spouse - Loss of independence - Reduced income - Disability.

Question 72

Do personality remain consistent with that of the earlier years in the absence of disease?

Answer 72

yes

Question 73

What are the 3 types of memory?

Answer 73

Short term Long term Sensory

Question 74

Changes to intelligence?

Answer 74

- Basic intelligence is upheld - Crystallized intelligence is maintained - Fluid intelligence may decline - Chronic psychological stress associated with increased incidence of mild cognitive impairment

Question 75

What intelligence is maintained? | Crystallized or Fluid

Answer 75

crystallized

Question 76

Is learning ability usually changed?

Answer 76

No

Question 77

You learn best when:

Answer 77

New information relates to previous learned information

Question 78

Understanding of __ __ is essential for competent gerontological nursing practice

Answer 78

aging changes

Question 79

Emphasis on __ and __ possessed by the older adult

Answer 79

capabilities and assets