T3: Reproductive System Health (CH. 22) Flashcards
Some hormonal changes include:
___ atrophies
__ of the labia
loss of ___ fat and hair
vulva
flattening
subcutaneous
The vaginal ___ thins.
epithelium
__, __ and __ tubes atrophy.
cervix, uterus, and fallopian
There is a reduction in __ and __ tissue.
collagen and adipose
shortening and ___ of the canal.
narrowing
less ___ which may lead to discomfort with intercourse.
lubrication
The vaginal pH is more __, as a result of lower ___ changes.
alkaline
estrogen
The uterus and ovaries decrease in ___.
size
The endometrium continues to respond to ____ ____.
hormonal stimulation
The Fallopian tubes become __ and __.
shorter and straighter
The breasts __ and are less __.
sag
firm
There is some __ of the nipples related to shrinkage and ___ changes.
retraction
fibrotic
Seminal vesicles develop thinner ____.
epithelium
Muscle tissue is replaced with ___ tissue.
connective
There is a decreased capacity to retain __.
fluid
The seminiferous tubule changes in what 4 ways?
- increased fibrosis
- epithelium thinning
- thickening of the basement membrane
- narrowing of the lumen
There is ___ of the testes and reduction in testicular __.
atrophy
mass
Ejaculation fluid contains less __ __.
live sperm
Testosterone decreases slightly or ____.
stays the same
More time is needed to achieve an ___ for males.
erection
There is enlargement of the ___ gland.
prostate
Men with prostatic hypertrophy should be examined every ___.
6 months
Age related changes causes the vulva to be more __ and more susceptible to __ and __.
fragile
irritation and infection
Keep incontinent patients __ and __.
clean & dry
__ __ is the term used to describe vulvar infection associated with hypertrophy or atrophy.
Senile vulvitis
___ is the primary symptom associated with vulvitis.
Pruritus
Fourth most common gynecologic malignancy in late life
tumors of the vulva
What occurs in postmenopausal women?
Vaginitis
Increased vaginal fragility increases the risk of irritation leading to ___
vaginitis
What are some nursing intentions for women to prevent vaginal infections?
Advise to wear cotton underwear, avoid douches, avoid perfumed sprays
or soaps, good hygiene practices
Cancer of the vagina is ___ in older women.
rare
Cancer of the vagina is more often an area of ___ rather than the primary site.
metastasis
__ __ can predispose women to vaginal cancer.
chronic irritation
The cervix becomes __, and the endocervical epithelium ___.
smaller
atrophies
Endocervical glands can seal over leading to formation of __ __.
Nabothian cysts
Incidence/prevalence-median age 49 years, highest in Hispanic women
Cervical Cancer
S/S of cervical cancer?
vaginal bleeding and leukorrhea (a mild, odorless discharge from the vagina that is clear or milky in color.)
What type of cancer is not UNCOMMON in the older women?
endometrium cancer
Causes of this disease: higher incidence w/later start menstruation, infertile, polycystic ovary disease, & family h/o nonpolyposis colon ca, obese, and increased estrogen use w/o progesterone.
endometrium cancer
S/S of endometrial cancer
postmenopausal bleeding
Dilation and __ is the diagnosis route for endometrial cancer.
curettage
The leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies.
Cancer of the Ovaries
A common problem among older women is a perineal ___.
herniation
__, __, and __ of the uterus are the types of perineal herniation that are most likely to occur.
Cystocele, rectocele, and prolapse
Causes of perineal herniation?
childbirth
S/S of perineal herniation?
lower back pain, pelvic heaviness, pulling
sensation, urinary fecal incontinence, retention & constipation
__ is a common problem among older women that accompanies hormonal changes.
Dyspareunia
__ women experience dyspareunia more frequently than women who __.
Nulliparous
have had children.
Painful intercourse
dyspareunia
Is dyspareunia a normal consequence of aging?
NO
Second leading cause of cancer deaths.
breast cancer
Older women are less likely to receive yearly __ and breast examinations by a health care professional.
mammograms
annual mammograms recommended for women starting at ___, then every 2-3 years at __ years old
40
75
Problem affecting most men over 70 years of age.
erectile dysfunction
Inability to obtain and sustain an erection
erectile dysfunction
Most older men have some degree of benign __ __.
prostatic hyperplasia
S/S of this disease include: urethra pressure, hesitancy, decreased force of urinary stream, frequency, & nocturia, dribbling, poor control, overflow incontinence, bleeding
Bengin prostatic hyperplasia
When men are reluctant or embarrassed to seek medical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia, it can result in __ __.
kidney damage
There is an asymptomatic disease progression with cancer of the ___.
prostate
S/S of this cancer include: back pain, anemia, weakness, weight loss-can develop as a result of
metastasis
prostate cancer
Cancer of the __ is rare.
penis
Testicular cancer is __ in men.
uncommon
Scrotal masses are usually ___.
benign
Causes of scrotal masses/tumors?
hydrocele
spermatocele
varicocele
hernia
Conditions of the reproductive system can be related to ___
disease processes.
undiagnosed
The nurse should develop ___ relationships with patients so that they
feel comfortable sharing concerns and symptoms
close
A review of the reproductive system should be part of the history and physical ___.
examination
Health of the reproductive system has an impact on __ __ health.
total body
