T2 L8 Anatomy of the hand Flashcards by Olivia Tolson

What are the 8 carpal bones?

Unate
Triquetral / triquetrium
Pisiform
Hamate
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium
Scaphoid

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What is attached to the scaphoid bone?

Flexor retinaculum

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What is attached to tubercle on trapezium bone?

Flexor retinaculum

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Where is the radiocarpal joint?

Between radius / disc and first carpal row

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What ligaments reinforce the radiocarpal joint and what do they do?

Ulnar and radial collateral ligaments limit abduction / adduction
Ligaments on palmar / dorsal surfaces limit extension / flexion

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What are the movements of the radiocarpal joint?

Flexion / extension
Abduction / adduction
Circumduction

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What are the joints in the hand?

Radiocarpal
Midcarpal / intercarpal
Carpometacarpal
Metacarpophalangeal
Interphalangeal

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Where is the carpometacarpal saddle joint?

Between trapezium and D1

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What movement does the carpometacarpal saddle joint allow?

Extension / flexion
Abduction / adduction
Opposition / reposition

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What movements do the metacarpophalangeal joints allow?

Flexion / extension

Abduction / adduction

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What movements do the interphalangeal joints allow?

Flexion / extension

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Describe palmar aponeurosis

Thickened deep fascia
Triangular
Continuous with palmaris longs or flexor retinaculum

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What is the role of vinculae?

Attach tendons to phalanges

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What are the long extensor tendons to digits 2-5?

Extensor digitorum
Extensor indicis
Extensor digiti minimi

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What are the long extensor tendons to digit 1?

Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis longus

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What are the lumbricals?

Long slender muscles across metacarpophalangeal joints

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What are the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the lumbricals?

Origin: tendon of flexor digitorum profundus
Insertion: extensor hood
Function: link flexor to extensor tendons, extend interphalangeal joins, flex MCP joints, precision grip
Innervation: ulnar nerve for medial 2 and median nerve for lateral 2 muscles

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of palmar interossei?

Origin: metacarpals
Insertion: extensor hoods of D2, D4, D5
Function: adduct MCP joints relative to D3
Innervation: ulnar nerve

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of dorsal interossei?

Origin: metacarpals
Insertion: extensor hoods of D2, D3 (x2), D4
Function: abduct MCP joints relative to D3
Innervation: ulnar nerve

What are the 3 thenar muscles?

Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of opponens pollicis?

Origin: flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium
Insertion: lateral margin of metacarpal of thumb
Function: opposes thumb
Innervation: median nerve

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of abductor pollicis brevis?

Origin: flexor retinaculum, tubercle of scaphoid and trapezium
Insertion: lateral side of proximal phalanx of thumb
Function: abducts thumb
Innervation: median nerve

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of flexor pollicis brevis?

Origin: flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium
Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Function: flexes metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb
Innervation: median nerve

What are the 3 hypothenar muscles?

Opponens digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of opponens digiti minimi?

Origin: flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate Insertion: medial margin metacarpal V Function: rotates metacarpal of digit 5 to produce opposition Innervation: ulnar nerve

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of abductor digiti minimi?

Origin: pisiform and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of digit 5 Function: abduct digit 5 Innervation: ulnar nerve

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of flexor digiti minimi?

Origin: flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of D5 Function: flex MCP of D5 Innervation: ulnar nerve

What muscle adducts the thumb?

Adductor pollicis

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of adductor pollicis?

Origin: - transverse head: metacarpal III - oblique head: base of 2 and 3 metacarpal and carpal bones Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of thumb Function: adductor of thumb Innervation: ulnar nerve

What muscle does the radial artery lie under?

Brachioradialis

What muscle does the ulnar artery lie under?

Flexor carpi ulnari

What supplies digit 1 and half of digit 2?

Radial artery

What supplies 1/2 digit 2, D3, D4 and D5?

Ulnar artery

Where is the deep palmar arch?

Below long flexor tendons

Where is the superficial palmar arch?

Above long flexor tendons

What are the branches of the median nerve?

Recurrent branch | Digital nerve

What does the recurrent nerve supply?

Thenar muscles

What does the digital nerve supply?

Lateral 2 lumbricals | Sensory D1 to 1/2 D4

What are the branches of the ulnar nerve?

Deep branch | Superficial branch

What does the deep branch of the ulnar nerve supply?

Hypothenar muscles Interossei Medial 2 lumbricals Adductor pollicis

What does the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve supply?

Sensory 1/2 of digit 4, digits 5