T2 L8 Anatomy of the hand Flashcards
What are the 8 carpal bones?
Unate Triquetral / triquetrium Pisiform Hamate Capitate Trapezoid Trapezium Scaphoid
What is attached to the scaphoid bone?
Flexor retinaculum
What is attached to tubercle on trapezium bone?
Flexor retinaculum
Where is the radiocarpal joint?
Between radius / disc and first carpal row
What ligaments reinforce the radiocarpal joint and what do they do?
Ulnar and radial collateral ligaments limit abduction / adduction
Ligaments on palmar / dorsal surfaces limit extension / flexion
What are the movements of the radiocarpal joint?
Flexion / extension
Abduction / adduction
Circumduction
What are the joints in the hand?
Radiocarpal Midcarpal / intercarpal Carpometacarpal Metacarpophalangeal Interphalangeal
Where is the carpometacarpal saddle joint?
Between trapezium and D1
What movement does the carpometacarpal saddle joint allow?
Extension / flexion
Abduction / adduction
Opposition / reposition
What movements do the metacarpophalangeal joints allow?
Flexion / extension
Abduction / adduction
What movements do the interphalangeal joints allow?
Flexion / extension
Describe palmar aponeurosis
Thickened deep fascia
Triangular
Continuous with palmaris longs or flexor retinaculum
What is the role of vinculae?
Attach tendons to phalanges
What are the long extensor tendons to digits 2-5?
Extensor digitorum
Extensor indicis
Extensor digiti minimi
What are the long extensor tendons to digit 1?
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis longus
What are the lumbricals?
Long slender muscles across metacarpophalangeal joints
What are the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the lumbricals?
Origin: tendon of flexor digitorum profundus
Insertion: extensor hood
Function: link flexor to extensor tendons, extend interphalangeal joins, flex MCP joints, precision grip
Innervation: ulnar nerve for medial 2 and median nerve for lateral 2 muscles
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of palmar interossei?
Origin: metacarpals
Insertion: extensor hoods of D2, D4, D5
Function: adduct MCP joints relative to D3
Innervation: ulnar nerve
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of dorsal interossei?
Origin: metacarpals
Insertion: extensor hoods of D2, D3 (x2), D4
Function: abduct MCP joints relative to D3
Innervation: ulnar nerve
What are the 3 thenar muscles?
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of opponens pollicis?
Origin: flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium
Insertion: lateral margin of metacarpal of thumb
Function: opposes thumb
Innervation: median nerve
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of abductor pollicis brevis?
Origin: flexor retinaculum, tubercle of scaphoid and trapezium
Insertion: lateral side of proximal phalanx of thumb
Function: abducts thumb
Innervation: median nerve
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of flexor pollicis brevis?
Origin: flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium
Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Function: flexes metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb
Innervation: median nerve
What are the 3 hypothenar muscles?
Opponens digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of opponens digiti minimi?
Origin: flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate
Insertion: medial margin metacarpal V
Function: rotates metacarpal of digit 5 to produce opposition
Innervation: ulnar nerve
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of abductor digiti minimi?
Origin: pisiform and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of digit 5
Function: abduct digit 5
Innervation: ulnar nerve
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of flexor digiti minimi?
Origin: flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate
Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of D5
Function: flex MCP of D5
Innervation: ulnar nerve
What muscle adducts the thumb?
Adductor pollicis
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of adductor pollicis?
Origin:
- transverse head: metacarpal III
- oblique head: base of 2 and 3 metacarpal and carpal bones
Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Function: adductor of thumb
Innervation: ulnar nerve
What muscle does the radial artery lie under?
Brachioradialis
What muscle does the ulnar artery lie under?
Flexor carpi ulnari
What supplies digit 1 and half of digit 2?
Radial artery
What supplies 1/2 digit 2, D3, D4 and D5?
Ulnar artery
Where is the deep palmar arch?
Below long flexor tendons
Where is the superficial palmar arch?
Above long flexor tendons
What are the branches of the median nerve?
Recurrent branch
Digital nerve
What does the recurrent nerve supply?
Thenar muscles
What does the digital nerve supply?
Lateral 2 lumbricals
Sensory D1 to 1/2 D4
What are the branches of the ulnar nerve?
Deep branch
Superficial branch
What does the deep branch of the ulnar nerve supply?
Hypothenar muscles
Interossei
Medial 2 lumbricals
Adductor pollicis
What does the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve supply?
Sensory 1/2 of digit 4, digits 5
