DR5 Gluteal region and thigh Flashcards
What muscles make up the gluteal region?
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Several short lateral rotators e.g. piriformis.
What is the origin, insertion and function of gluteus Maximus?
Origin: ilium and sacrum
Insertion: gluteal tuberosity at back of femur and iliotibial tract
Function: Extension and lateral rotation
What is the iliotibial tract?
Thick fibrous band running down lateral side of thigh
What is the origin, insertion and function of gluteus medium?
Origin: ilium
Insertion: greater trochanter
Function: abduction and medial rotation
What is the origin, insertion and function of gluteus minimus?
Origin: ilium
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur
Function: abduction, medial rotation
What is the origin, insertion and function of piriformis?
Origin: sacrum
Insertion: greater trochanter
Function: lateral rotation of thigh at high joint
What nerve innervates gluteus Maximus?
Inferior gluteal
What does the superior gluteal nerve innervation?
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
What are the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
What is the origin, insertion and function of biceps femoris?
Origin: ischial tuberosity (long head) and shaft of femur (short head)
Insertion: head of fibula
Function: flex at knee, extend hip, lateral rotation of hip and knee
What is the origin, insertion and function of semitendinosus?
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: tibia
Function: flex at knee, extend at hip, medial rotation at hip and knee
What is the origin, insertion and function of semimembranosus?
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: tibia
Function: flex at knee, extend at hip, medial rotation at hip and knee.
What supplies the hamstrings?
Tibial component of sciatic nerve
What are the superior boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
Semimembranosus and semitendinosus medially
Biceps femoris laterally
What are the inferior boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
2 heads of gastrocnemius
What does the short saphenous vein drain?
Lateral side of the foot
What does the saphenous vein merge with in the popliteal fossa?
Politeal vein
What is the hip joint?
Ball and socket joint between the head of the femur and acetabulum.
What are the movements of the thigh at the hip joint?
Extension Flexion Abduction Adduction Lateral rotation Medial rotation
What is the primary function of the hip joint?
Weight bearing
What groups of ligaments stabilise the hip joint?
Intracapsular
Extracapsular
What ligaments make up the extracapsular ligaments?
Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral
What is the fascia lata?
Forms a sleeve around each muscle compartment. Extends from iliac crests and is continuous with deep fascia of leg.
Laterally it is thickened as iliotibial tract.
What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Quadriceps femoris
Sartorius
Tensor fascia lata
What is the origin, insertion and function of tensor fascia lata?
Origin: anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: iliotibial tract
Function: tightens the iliotibial tract to stabilise knee when standing
What is the origin, insertion and function of sartorius?
Origin: anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: tibia
Function: flexion at hip and knee
What 4 parts make up the quadriceps femoris muscle?
Rectus femoris
Vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
What is the origin, insertion and function of rectus femoris?
Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine
Insertion: patella
Function: knee extension, hip flexion
What is the origin, insertion and function of vastus intermedius?
Origin: femur
Insertion: patella
Function: extend knee
What is the origin, insertion and function of vastus medialis?
Origin: femur
Insertion: patella
Function: extend knee
What is the origin, insertion and function of vastus lateralis?
Origin: femur
Insertion: patella
Function: extend knee
What does the patella ligament insert into?
Tibial tuberosity
What is the origin, insertion and function of iliopsoas?
Origin: - iliac = iliac fossa - posts major = lumbar vertebrae Insertion: lesser trochanter Function: flex thigh at hip
What nerve supplies the anterior compartment muscles and skin on the thigh?
Femoral nerve
What muscles are in the medial compartment of the thigh?
Pectineus Adductor longus Adductor brevis Adductor magnus Gracilis
What is the origin, insertion and function of pectineus?
Origin: pubis
Insertion: femur below lesser trochanter
Function: adduction and flexion at hip
What is the origin, insertion and function of adductor longus?
Origin: pubis
Insertion: linea aspera of femur
Function: adducts thigh
What is the origin, insertion and function of adductor brevis?
Origin: pubis
Insertion: linea aspera of femur
Function: adduct thigh
What is the origin, insertion and function of adductor magnus (adductor portion)
Origin: ischiopubic ramus
Insertion: whole length of line aspera
Function: adduct and flex thigh
What is the origin, insertion and function of adductor magnus (hamstring portion)?
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: adductor tubercle of femur
Function: adduct and extend thigh
What passes through the adductor hiatus?
Femoral artery and vein
What is the origin, insertion and function of gracilis?
Origin: pubis
Insertion: tibia
Function: adducts thigh at hip, flex leg at knee
What nerve supplies the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?
Oburator nerve (except for pectineus and hamstring portion of adductor magnus)
What are the borders of the femoral triangle?
Superior border: inguinal ligament
Medial border: medial border of adductor longus
Lateral border: sartorius
Floor: iliopsoas, pectineus, adductor longus.
What is contained in the femoral triangle?
Femoral nerve, artery and vein
Femoral canal
Femoral sheath
