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Module 204 MSK & Immune system > T2 L16 Anatomy of the leg and foot > Flashcards

T2 L16 Anatomy of the leg and foot Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the foot?

A

Support body weight
Stability / standing
Locomotion / propulsion
Shock absorption

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2
Q

What are the bones in the foot?

A 
Calcaneous
Talus
Navicular
Cuboid
Cuneiforms
Metatarsals
Phalanges
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3
Q

What bone does the achilles tendon attach to?

A

Calcaneal tuberosity

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4
Q

What are the possible movements of the foot?

A 
Dorsiflexion (extension)
Plantarflexion (flexion)
Eversion
Inversion
Supination
Pronation
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5
Q

What does supination of the foot consist of?

A

Inversion
Adduction
Plantarflexion

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6
Q

What does pronation of the foot consist of?

A

Eversion
Dorsiflexion
Abduction

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7
Q

Describe the ankle joint and its movements

A

Articulation between talus and tibia/fibula
Synovial hinge joint
Dorsiflexion / plantarflexion

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8
Q

Describe the movements of the intertarsal joints

A

Inversion / eversion

Supination / pronation

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9
Q

Describe the movements of the metatarsophalangeal joints

A

Extension / flexion

Limited abduction / adduction

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10
Q

Describe the movements of the interphalangeal joints

A

Extension / flexion

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11
Q

What ligaments stabilise the ankle?

A

Lateral ligaments

Medial / deltoid ligaments

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12
Q

Describe the lateral ligaments that stabilise the ankle

A

3 ligaments all from lateral malleolus
2 ligaments go towards talus
1 ligaments goes towards calcaneous

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13
Q

Describe the medial / deltoid ligaments that stabilise the ankle

A

3 ligaments coming from medial malleolus
1 ligament goes to talus
1 ligament to calcaneus
1 ligament to navicular

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14
Q

What is the clinical consequence of excessive inversion of the foot?

A

Injury to the lateral ligament - usually the anterior talofibular ligament

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15
Q

Describe the subtler joint and its function

A

Between talus and calcaneus (and navicular)

Allows inversion / eversion during locomotion

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16
Q

What is the function of the transverse tarsal joint?

A

Allows eversion / inversion and pronation / supination
Important for standing on uneven ground
Divides foot into hind and mid foot

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17
Q

What is the plantar aponeurosis?

A

Thickening of deep fascia

Protects underlying structure and supports longitudinal arch

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18
Q

What is plantar fasciitis?

A

Inflammation of the palmar aponeurosis due to overuse

Common in runners

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19
Q

What is the function of the arches of the foot?

A

Shock absorbers during locomtion
Act as springboards
Distribution of weight to calcaneus and ball of foot

20
Q

What are the longitudinal arches of the foot supported by?

A

Long tendons
Intrinsic plantar muscles
Intrinsic ligaments
Plantar aponeurosis

21
Q

What is the transverse arch of the foot supported by?

A

Long tendons - mainly fibularis longus

22
Q

What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus

23
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of tibialis anterior?

A

Origin: tibia
Insertion: medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
Function: dorsiflexion and inversion
Innervation: deep fibular nerve

24
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of extensor digitorum longus?

A

Origin: tibia and fibula
Insertion: middle and distal phalanges
Function: extends lateral 4 toes and dorsiflexion of foot
Innervation: deep fibular nerve

25
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of extensor hallucis longus?

A

Origin: fibula
Insertion: distal phalanx of great toe
Function: extends great toe and dorsiflexion foot
Innervation: deep fibular nerve

26
Q

What muscles are in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
Tendo calcaneus

27
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of gastrocnemius?

A

Origin: condyles femur
Insertion: calcaneus
Function: plantarflexion at ankle and flexion at knee
Innervation: tibial nerve

28
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of soleus?

A

Origin: tibia and fibula
Insertion: calcaneal tendon
Function: plantarflexion foot at ankle
Innervation: tibial nerve

29
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of plantaris?

A

Origin: femur
Insertion: calcaneal tendon
Function: plantarflexion at ankle and flexion at knee
Innervation: tibial nerve

30
Q

What muscles are in the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor hallucis longus

31
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of flexor digitorum longus?

A

Origin: tibia and fibula
Insertion: distal phalanges
Function: flex lateral 4 toes
Innervation: tibial nerve

32
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of tibialis posterior?

A

Origin: tibia and fibula
Insertion: medial cuneiform and navicular
Function: invert foot
Innervation: tibial nerve

33
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of flexor hallucis longus?

A

Origin: tibia and fibula
Insertion: distal phalanx great toe
Function: flex great toe
Innervation: tibial nerve

34
Q

What muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

35
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of fibularis longus?

A

Origin: fibula
Insertion: medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
Function: evert and plantar flex foot
Innervation: superficial fibular nerve

36
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of fibularis brevis?

A

Origin: fibula
Insertion: 5th metatarsal
Function: evert foot
Innervation: superficial fibular nerve

37
Q

Briefly describe the arrangement of the intrinsic muscles of the foot

A

Dorsal extensors - 1 layer

Plantar flexors / abductors / adductors - 4 layers

38
Q

What are the dorsal intrinsic muscles of the foot?

A

Extensor digitorum brevis

Extensor hallucis brevis

39
Q

What arteries supply the leg?

A

Popliteal artery
Anterior tibial artery
Posterior tibial artery
Fibular artery

40
Q

What is the blood supply to the foot?

A

Posterior tibial artery

Dorsalis pedis

41
Q

What are the contents of the tarsal tunnel?

A 
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Posterior tibial artery and vein
Tibial nerve
Flexor hallucis longus
42
Q

What is the clinical relevance of the tarsal tunnel?

A

Examining pulse

43
Q

What does the tibial nerve supply?

A

Motor supply to posterior compartment of leg and plantar intrinsic muscles

44
Q

What does the deep fibular nerve supply?

A

Motor supply to anterior compartment of leg and dorsal intrinsic muscles
Sensory to skin between the first and second toes

45
Q

What does the superficial fibular nerve supply?

A

Motor supply to lateral compartments of leg

Sensory to skin of the anterolateral leg, and dorsum of the foot (except skin between 1st and 2nd toes).

46
Q

What does the sural nerve supply?

A

Sensory to skin over lower posterolateral leg and upper lateral leg.

Module 204 MSK & Immune system (44 decks)

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