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Module 204 MSK & Immune system > T2 L3 Anatomy of the shoulder region > Flashcards

T2 L3 Anatomy of the shoulder region Flashcards

1
Q

What are the skeletal components of the shoulder?

A

Pectoral girdle - clavicle and scapula

Humerus

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2
Q

What are the 2 joints in the shoulder?

A

Glenohumeral joint

Acromioclavicular joint

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3
Q

What are the 4 ligaments of the shoulder region?

A

Coracoclavicular
Acromoclavicular
Coracoacromial
Glenohumeral

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4
Q

What is the coracoclavicular ligament between?

A

Clavicle and coracoid process of scapula

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5
Q

What is the function of the acromoclavicular ligament?

A

Forms a capsule around the acromoclavicular joint to strength and stabilise the joint

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6
Q

What is the coracoacromial ligament between?

A

Between coracoid process and acromion

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7
Q

What is the function of the coracoacromial ligament?

A

Forms coraco-acromial arch over top of glenohumeral joint

Provides support for head of humerus to prevent superior dislocation

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8
Q

What are the movements of the glenohumeral joint?

A

Abduction / adduction
Flexion / extension
Lateral / medial rotation
Circumduction

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9
Q

What parts is the glenohumeral joint split into?

A

Superior
Middle
Inferior

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10
Q

What is abduction mainly performed by?

A

Deltoid

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11
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the deltoid muscle?

A

Origin: spine of scapula, acromion, clavicle
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity
Innervation: axillary nerve
Function: abduction
- anterior fibres: flexion and medial rotation
- posterior fibres: extension and lateral rotation

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12
Q

What is adduction performed by?

A

Latissimus dorsi

Pectoralis major

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13
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of latissimus dorsi?

A

Origin: thoracolumbar fascia, spinous process T6-T12, iliac crest, inferior 3 ribs
Insertion: bicipital groove of humerus
Function: adduction and medial rotation
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve

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14
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of pectoralis major?

A

Origin: sternum, medial part clavicle, costal cartilage
Insertion: lateral lip bicipital groove
Function: adduction, flexion, medial rotation
Innervation: pectoral nerves

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15
Q

What helps abduction above 90 degrees?

A

Upper fibres trapezius
Lower fibres trapezius
Serratus anterior

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16
Q

What helps adduction above 90 degrees?

A

Most of it is gravity
Levator scapulae
Rhomboids

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17
Q

What muscles are involved in flexion of the arm?

A

Short head of biceps
Long head of biceps
Coracobrachialis
Anterior fibres deltoid

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18
Q

What muscles are involved in extension of the arm?

A

Long head of triceps
Lateral and medial heads of triceps
Posterior fibres of deltoid
Latissimus dorsi

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19
Q

Why is the glenohumeral joint unstable?

A

Large humeral head

Shallow glenoid fossa

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20
Q

What is the most frequently dislocated joint?

A

Glenohumeral joint

Anterior dislocation where humeral head descends inferior to end up anterior

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21
Q

What 5 factors increase the stability of the glenohumeral joint to prevent dislocation?

A 
Coracoacromial arch
Glenohumeral ligaments
Deepening of glenoid fossa by glenoid labrum
Long heads of biceps and triceps
Tendons of rotator cuff muscles
22
Q

Why does the coracoacromial arch prevent glenohumeral dislocation?

A

Prevents superior displacement of humeral head to prevent superior dislocation

23
Q

How do the glenohumeral ligaments prevent dislocation?

A

Supports the joint anteriorly

Between rim of glenoid fossa and anatomical neck of humerus

24
Q

What is the glenoid labrum?

A

Fibrocartilaginous ridge surrounding glenoid cavity

Creates a seal with the head of the humerus to reduce the risk of dislocation

25
Q

What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

26
Q

What is the origin, insertion and function of supraspinatus

A

Sits superior over joint
Origin: supraspinous fossa
Insertion: greater tubercle
Function: initiate abduction

27
Q

What is the origin, insertion and function of infraspinatus?

A

Sits posterior over joint
Origin: infraspinous fossa
Insertion: greater tubercle
Function: lateral rotation

28
Q

What is the origin, insertion and function of teres minor?

A

Sits posterior over joint
Origin: infraspinous fossa
Insertion: greater tubercle
Function: lateral rotation

29
Q

What is the origin, insertion and function of subscapularis?

A

Sits anterior over joint
Origin: subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
Function: medial rotation

30
Q

Why is the most common route for dislocation inferiorly?

A

There is no inferior rotator cuff muscle

31
Q

What is the function of the subacromial bursa?

A

Reduces friction beneath deltoid to promote free motion of rotator cuff tendons

32
Q

Where does teres major sit?

A

Inferior to teres minor

33
Q

Why is teres major not a true rotator cuff muscle?

A

It doesn’t cuff the joint

34
Q

What is the origin, insertion and function of teres major?

A

Origin: inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: medial lip bicipital groove
Function: medial rotation, stabilises humerus during abduction - eccentric contraction

35
Q

Why is the supraspinatus commonly injured?

A

Limited space for tendon under coracoacromial arch

Impingement due to repetitive overhead activities

36
Q

Describe the scapula anastomosis

A

Couple of branches from subclavian and one from axillary
Subscapular artery comes from 3rd part axillary
Suprascapular artery comes from thyrocervical trunk which comes from subclavian artery
Dorsal scapular artery comes from subclavian and runs along medial edge of scapula

37
Q

Where is the nerve supply to the shoulder from?

A

Brachial plexus

38
Q

What does the suprascapular nerve supply?

A

Supraspinatus and infraspinatus

39
Q

What are the terminal branches of the posterior division?

A

Axillary

Radial

40
Q

What does the axillary nerve supply?

A

Deltoid
Teres major
Badge area of skin

41
Q

What does the radial nerve supply?

A

Extensors such as triceps brachii

42
Q

What other branches come from the posterior cord?

A

Upper / lower subscapular nerves

Thoracodorsal nerves

43
Q

What do the subscapular nerves supply?

A

Subscapularis

Teres major

44
Q

What does the thoracodorsal nerve supply?

A

Latissimus dorsi

45
Q

What are the borders of the quadrangular space?

A

Teres minor
Teres major
Long head of triceps
Humerus

46
Q

What is the consequence of a fracture to the cervical neck?

A

Can damage axillary artery so deltoid can’t work so can’t abduct arm

47
Q

What are the terminal branches of the lateral cord?

A

Musculocutaneous

Median

48
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve supply?

A

Arm flexors

49
Q

What is another branch of the lateral cord?

A

Lateral pectoral nerve which supplies pectoralis major

50
Q

What are the terminal branches of the medial cord?

A

Median

Ulnar

51
Q

What are some other branches of the medial cord?

A

Medial pectoral nerve

Medial cutaneous nerves

52
Q

What does the medial pectoral nerve supply?

A

Pectoralis major / minor

Module 204 MSK & Immune system (44 decks)

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