T2 L2 Nerve and blood supply to upper limbs Flashcards
What is the stem artery that supplies the upper limb?
Subclavian artery
Where does the right subclavian artery come from?
Brachiocephalic trunk
Where does the left subclavian artery come from?
Arch of aorta
What divides the subclavian artery?
Scalenus anterior
What are the 3 divisions of the subclavian in relation to the muscle?
1st part - medial to muscle
2nd part - behind muscle
3rd part - lateral to muscle
Where does the dorsal scapular artery come from?
The 2nd or 3rd division of the subclavian artery
Where does the thyrocervical trunk come from?
The 1st division of the subclavian artery
When does the subclavian artery end and what does it become?
Ends as it crosses outer border of 1st rib to become axillary artery
What divides the axillary artery?
Pectoralis minor
When does the axillary artery end and what does it become?
Ends at lower border of teres major to become brachial artery
What does the brachial artery supply?
Flexor
What is the large branch of the brachial artery?
Profunda brachii artery
Why is a fracture of the humerus significant?
It can cause trauma to profunda brachii artery
Describe the path of the profunda brachii artery
Passes behind humerus to enter posterior compartment to supply extensor muscles
Where does the brachial artery divide and into what?
Divides in cubital fossa into radial artery and ulnar artery
What muscle covers the radial artery?
Brachioradialis muscle which comes from humerus and inserts into styloid process of radius
Describe the path of the radial artery around the wrist
Through anatomical snuff box
Pierces first dorsal interosseous muscle
Deep palmar arch
What muscle covers the ulnar artery?
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Describe the main venous return
Into the axillary artery which drains into subclavian vein
What are the 2 superficial veins?
Cephalic
Basilic
What does the cephalic vein drain?
Lateral forearm
What does the basilic vein drain?
Medial forearm
What is the function of the median cubital vein?
Forms a bridge between cephalic and basilic vein at elbow
Drains forearm
What are the roots forming the brachial plexus?
Ventral primary rami of C5 to T1
What motor innervation does C5 have?
Shoulder abduction and adduction
What motor innervation does C6 / C7 have?
Elbow flexion and extension
What motor innervation does C7 / C8 have?
Wrist flexion and extension
What motor innervation does C8 / T1 have?
Movement of digits
What does each trunk of the brachial plexus divide into?
Anterior division (axons to flexor compartments) Posterior division (axons to extensor compartments)
What cords does the anterior trunk form?
Lateral and medial cords
What cords does the posterior trunk form?
Posterior cord
What are the cords named in relation to?
Position in relation to axillary artery
What does the lateral cord terminate as?
Musculocutaneous nerve
Lateral part of median nerve
What does the musculocutaneous nerve supply?
Motor - flexor muscles of arm
Sensory - lateral forearm
What does the median nerve supply?
Motor - anterior forearm and lateral hand
Sensory - lateral palm hand, D1, D2, D3 and half of D4
What does the medial cord terminate as?
Medial part of median nerve
Ulnar nerve
What does the ulnar nerve supply?
Motor - medial side of anterior forearm and hand
Sensory - medial hand, half of D4 and D5
What does the posterior cord terminate as?
Radial nerve
Axillary nerve
What does the radial nerve supply?
Motor - posterior arm and posterior forearm
Sensory - posterior arm, posterior forearm and lateral dorsum of hand
What does the axillary nerve supply?
Motor - deltoid and teres major
Sensory - badge area f arm
What is a dermatome?
Individual area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve
