DR6 Knee and leg Flashcards by Olivia Tolson

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of rectus femoris?

Origin: AIIS
Insertion: patella
Function: knee extension, hip flexion
Innervation: femoral nerve

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What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of vastus lateralis?

Origin: femur
Insertion: lateral side patella
Function: extend knee
Innervation: femoral nerve

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What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of vastus medalis?

Origin: femur
Insertion: medial side patella
Function: extend knee
Innervation: femoral nerve

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What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of vastus intermedius?

Origin: femur
Insertion: lateral side patella and tibial condyle
Function: extend knee
Innervation: femoral nerve

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What prevents lateral tracking of the patella during locomotion?

Oblique fibres of vastus medialis

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Where does the patella ligament insert?

Into the tibial tubersoty

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Describe the lateral collateral ligament

Cord-like ligament extending from lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula.
Covered by tendon of biceps femoris

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Lateral collateral ligament forms a gap between the bone, what passes through here?

Popliteal muscle

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What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of popliteus muscle?

Origin: lateral condyle femur
Insertion: tibia
Function: unlocks and flexes knee, assists in medial rotation of tibia
Innervation: tibial nerve

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Describe the medial collateral ligament

Broad ligament from medial epicondyle of femur to medial surface of tibia.
Blends with capsule of knee joint and is attached to medial meniscus within joint.

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Describe the anterior cruciate ligament

Attached to anterior of tibial plateau

Passes to inner aspect of lateral condyle of femur

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Describe the posterior cruciate ligament

Attached to posterior of tibial plateau and passes to inner aspect of medial condyle of femur

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How are the menisci attached to the tibia?

By their horns

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What is the difference between the medial and lateral meniscus?

Lateral meniscus is more mobile and more circular than medial meniscus.

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What are the tarsal bones?

Talus
Calcaneus
Navicular
Cuboid
Cuneiforms

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What is the ankle joint an articulation of?

Fibula
Tibia
Talus

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What is the subtalar joint an articulation of?

The talus and calcaneus

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What muscles form the anterior compartment of the leg?

Tibial anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus

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What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of tibial anterior?

Origin: Tibia
Insertion: medial cuneiform bone and 1st metatarsal
Function: dorsiflexion and inversion of foot
Innervation: deep fibular nerve

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of extensor digitorum longus?

Origin: tibia and fibula
Insertion: middle and distal phalanx of toe 2-5
Function: extend the toes
Innervation: deep fibular nerve

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of extensor hallucis longus?

Origin: fibula
Insertion: distal phalanx of great toe
Function: extend great toe, dorsiflex foot
Innervation: deep fibular nerve

Describe the extensor retinaculum

Extends between maelloli as well as from medial malleolus to calcaneus and plantar fascia

What muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg?

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of fibularis longus?

Origin: fibula
Insertion: medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
Function: eversion and plantarflexion of foot
Innervation: superficial fibular nerve

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of fibularis brevis?

Origin: fibula Insertion: 5th metatarsal Function: eversion foot Innervation: superficial fibular nerve

Describe the flexor retinaculum

Extends between lateral malleolus and calcaneus

What does the common fibular nerve branch from?

Sciatic nerve

What does the common fibular nerve branch into?

Superficial fibular nerve | Deep fibular nerve

What does the deep fibular nerve supply?

Muscles of anterior compartment of leg

What does the anterior tibial artery become as it enters the foot?

Dorsalis pedis artery

What tendon does the dorsalis pedis artery sit lateral to?

Extensor hallucis longus

What muscles does the superficial fibular nerve sit between?

Fibularis longus and braves

What are the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?

Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of gastrocnemius?

Origin: condyles of femur Insertion: tendo calcaneus which inserts into calcaneus Function: plantarflexion of foot, flexion at knee Innervation: tibial nerve

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of soleus?

Origin: fibula and tibia Insertion: tendo calcaneus Function: plantarflexion Innervation: tibial nerve

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of plantaris?

Origin: femur Insertion: calcaneal tendon Function: plantarflexion at foot, flexion at knee Innervation: tibial nerve

What are the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?

Popliteus Flexor hallucis longus Flexor digitorum longus Tibialis posterior

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of flexor hallucis longus?

Origin: fibula Insertion: distal phalanx great toe Function: flex great toe Innervation: tibial nerve

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of flexor digitorum longus?

Origin: tibia Insertion: distal phalanx of toes 2-5 Function: flex lateral 4 toes Innervation: tibial nerve

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of tibialis posterior?

Origin: tibia and fibula Insertion: navicular and medial cuneiform bones Function: invert foot Innervation: tibial nerve

What are the contents of the tarsal tunnel from anterior to posterior?

``` Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus Posterior tibial artery Tibial nerve Flexor hallucis longus ```

Describe the path of the tibial nerve

Within popliteal fossa, descends behind 2 heads of gastrocnemius. Pierces tendinous arch of soleus then descends between superficial and deep calf muscles with posterior tibial artery towards tarsal tunnel.

What does the tibial nerve divide into in the foot?

Medial and lateral plantar nerves

What is the blood supply to the posterior compartment of the leg?

Posterior tibial artery

Describe the path of the great / long saphenous vein

From medial side of foot and ascends medial border of leg and thigh to pierce through femoral sheath via saphenous opening to drain. into femoral vein

Describe the path of the small / short saphenous vein

From lateral side of the foot and ascends posterior of leg to pierce deep fascia to drain into popliteal vein in popliteal fossa.