DR6 Knee and leg Flashcards
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of rectus femoris?
Origin: AIIS
Insertion: patella
Function: knee extension, hip flexion
Innervation: femoral nerve
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of vastus lateralis?
Origin: femur
Insertion: lateral side patella
Function: extend knee
Innervation: femoral nerve
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of vastus medalis?
Origin: femur
Insertion: medial side patella
Function: extend knee
Innervation: femoral nerve
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of vastus intermedius?
Origin: femur
Insertion: lateral side patella and tibial condyle
Function: extend knee
Innervation: femoral nerve
What prevents lateral tracking of the patella during locomotion?
Oblique fibres of vastus medialis
Where does the patella ligament insert?
Into the tibial tubersoty
Describe the lateral collateral ligament
Cord-like ligament extending from lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula.
Covered by tendon of biceps femoris
Lateral collateral ligament forms a gap between the bone, what passes through here?
Popliteal muscle
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of popliteus muscle?
Origin: lateral condyle femur
Insertion: tibia
Function: unlocks and flexes knee, assists in medial rotation of tibia
Innervation: tibial nerve
Describe the medial collateral ligament
Broad ligament from medial epicondyle of femur to medial surface of tibia.
Blends with capsule of knee joint and is attached to medial meniscus within joint.
Describe the anterior cruciate ligament
Attached to anterior of tibial plateau
Passes to inner aspect of lateral condyle of femur
Describe the posterior cruciate ligament
Attached to posterior of tibial plateau and passes to inner aspect of medial condyle of femur
How are the menisci attached to the tibia?
By their horns
What is the difference between the medial and lateral meniscus?
Lateral meniscus is more mobile and more circular than medial meniscus.
What are the tarsal bones?
Talus Calcaneus Navicular Cuboid Cuneiforms
What is the ankle joint an articulation of?
Fibula
Tibia
Talus
What is the subtalar joint an articulation of?
The talus and calcaneus
What muscles form the anterior compartment of the leg?
Tibial anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of tibial anterior?
Origin: Tibia
Insertion: medial cuneiform bone and 1st metatarsal
Function: dorsiflexion and inversion of foot
Innervation: deep fibular nerve
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of extensor digitorum longus?
Origin: tibia and fibula
Insertion: middle and distal phalanx of toe 2-5
Function: extend the toes
Innervation: deep fibular nerve
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of extensor hallucis longus?
Origin: fibula
Insertion: distal phalanx of great toe
Function: extend great toe, dorsiflex foot
Innervation: deep fibular nerve
Describe the extensor retinaculum
Extends between maelloli as well as from medial malleolus to calcaneus and plantar fascia
What muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg?
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of fibularis longus?
Origin: fibula
Insertion: medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
Function: eversion and plantarflexion of foot
Innervation: superficial fibular nerve
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of fibularis brevis?
Origin: fibula
Insertion: 5th metatarsal
Function: eversion foot
Innervation: superficial fibular nerve
Describe the flexor retinaculum
Extends between lateral malleolus and calcaneus
What does the common fibular nerve branch from?
Sciatic nerve
What does the common fibular nerve branch into?
Superficial fibular nerve
Deep fibular nerve
What does the deep fibular nerve supply?
Muscles of anterior compartment of leg
What does the anterior tibial artery become as it enters the foot?
Dorsalis pedis artery
What tendon does the dorsalis pedis artery sit lateral to?
Extensor hallucis longus
What muscles does the superficial fibular nerve sit between?
Fibularis longus and braves
What are the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of gastrocnemius?
Origin: condyles of femur
Insertion: tendo calcaneus which inserts into calcaneus
Function: plantarflexion of foot, flexion at knee
Innervation: tibial nerve
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of soleus?
Origin: fibula and tibia
Insertion: tendo calcaneus
Function: plantarflexion
Innervation: tibial nerve
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of plantaris?
Origin: femur
Insertion: calcaneal tendon
Function: plantarflexion at foot, flexion at knee
Innervation: tibial nerve
What are the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?
Popliteus
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of flexor hallucis longus?
Origin: fibula
Insertion: distal phalanx great toe
Function: flex great toe
Innervation: tibial nerve
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of flexor digitorum longus?
Origin: tibia
Insertion: distal phalanx of toes 2-5
Function: flex lateral 4 toes
Innervation: tibial nerve
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of tibialis posterior?
Origin: tibia and fibula
Insertion: navicular and medial cuneiform bones
Function: invert foot
Innervation: tibial nerve
What are the contents of the tarsal tunnel from anterior to posterior?
Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus Posterior tibial artery Tibial nerve Flexor hallucis longus
Describe the path of the tibial nerve
Within popliteal fossa, descends behind 2 heads of gastrocnemius. Pierces tendinous arch of soleus then descends between superficial and deep calf muscles with posterior tibial artery towards tarsal tunnel.
What does the tibial nerve divide into in the foot?
Medial and lateral plantar nerves
What is the blood supply to the posterior compartment of the leg?
Posterior tibial artery
Describe the path of the great / long saphenous vein
From medial side of foot and ascends medial border of leg and thigh to pierce through femoral sheath via saphenous opening to drain. into femoral vein
Describe the path of the small / short saphenous vein
From lateral side of the foot and ascends posterior of leg to pierce deep fascia to drain into popliteal vein in popliteal fossa.
