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Module 204 MSK & Immune system > T2 L7 Anatomy of the forearm > Flashcards

T2 L7 Anatomy of the forearm Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the elbow joint and what movement does it allow?

A

Synovial hinge joint for flexion / extension

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2
Q

What type of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint and what type of movement does this allow?

A

Pivot joint for supination / pronation

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3
Q

What are the 3 ligaments of the forearm?

A

Radial collateral ligament
Ulnar collateral ligament
Annular ligament

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4
Q

Describe the radial collateral ligament

A

From lateral epicondyle and blends with annular ligament of radius

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5
Q

Describe the ulnar collateral ligament

A

From medial epicondyle and attaches to coronoid process and olecranon of ulna

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6
Q

Describe the annular ligament

A

Forms a cuff around proximal radioulnar joint to hold radial head in place

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7
Q

What is the cubital fossa?

A

Triangle region over anterior elbow

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8
Q

What is the cubital fossa bordered by?

A

Line joining lateral epicondyle and medial epicondyle
Brachioradialis
Pronator teres

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9
Q

What is contained in the cubital fossa?

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve to forearm
Biceps tendon
Brachial artery
Median nerve

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10
Q

What does the medial cubital vein do?

A

Drains anterior forearm

Forms bridge between basilic and cephalic vein

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11
Q

What are the 2 compartments of the forearm?

A 
Flexor compartment (anterior forearm)
Extensor compartment (posterior forearm)
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12
Q

What are the 3 groups of muscles in the anterior forearm?

A

Superficial muscles
Intermediate muscles
Deep muscles

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13
Q

What muscles are in the superficial layer of the anterior forearm?

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnari

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14
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of pronator teres?

A

Origin: medial epicondyle (CFO), coronoid process of ulna
Insertion: mid-shaft of radius
Function: pronation of forearm
Innervation: median nerve

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15
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of flexor carpi radialis?

A

Origin: medial epicondyle (CFO)
Insertion: base of metacarpals II and III
Function: flexion and abduction at wrist
Innervation: median nerve

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16
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of palmaris longus?

A

Origin: Medial epicondyle (CFO)
Insertion: flexor retinaculum of wrist
Function: flexion at wrist
Innervation: median nerve

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17
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Origin: medial epicondyle (CFO) and ulna
Insertion: pisiform carpal bone
Function: flexion and adduction at wrist
Innervation: ulnar nerve

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18
Q

What is Golfers elbow?

A

Epicondylitis at CFO

Tendon inflammation due to overuse / excessive gripping

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19
Q

What muscle is in the intermediate layer of the anterior compartment?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

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20
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Origin: CFO (medial epicondyle)
Insertion: 4 tendons go to middle phalanges of digits 2-5
Function: flexion at metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5, flexion at wrist
Innervation: median nerve

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21
Q

What are the muscles in the deep layer of the anterior compartment?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus

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22
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Origin: ulna and interosseous membrane
Insertion: distal phalanges of digit 2-5
Innervation: ulnar and median nerve
Function: flex distal interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal and wrist joints

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23
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of flexor policis longus?

A

Origin: anterior surface radius and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Distal phalanx of digit 1
Function: flexes interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb
Innervation: median nerve

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24
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of pronator quadratus?

A

Origin: anterior surface of ulna
Insertion: anterior surface of radius
Function: pronates forearm
Innervation: median nerve

25
Q

What are the 2 groups of muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Superficial

Deep

26
Q

What are the superficial muscles in the posterior compartment?

A 
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Brachioradialis
Anconeus
27
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle (CEO)
Insertion: metacarpal bones II and III
Function: extends and abducts wrist
Innervation: radial nerve

28
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Origin: supracondylar ridge
Insertion: metacarpal bones II and III
Function: extends and abducts wrist
Innervation: radial nerve

29
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of extensor digitorum?

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insertion: 4 tendons insert into digits 2-5 in middle and distal phalanges
Function: extends digits 2-5
Innervation: radial nerve

30
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of extensor digiti minimi?

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: extensor hood of digit 5
Function: extends digit 5
Innervation: radial nerve

31
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle humerus
Insertion: dorsal side metacarpal 5
Function: extension and adduction of wrist
Innervation: radial nerve

32
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of brachioradialis?

A

Origin: Proximal aspect of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: distal end of radius
Function: flexion at elbow
Innervation: radial nerve

33
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of anconeus?

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insertion: posterior and lateral parts of olecranon
Function: stabilises and extends elbow. abducts ulna during pronation of forearm
Innervation: radial nerve

34
Q

What is tennis elbow?

A

Epicondylitis at CEO

Tendon inflammation due to overuse / forceful extension

35
Q

What muscles form the deep layer in the posterior compartment?

A 
Supinator
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor indicis
36
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of supinator?

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, posterior surface of ulna
Insertion: posterior surface of radius
Function: supinates forearm
Innervation: radial nerve

37
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of abductor pollicis longus?

A

Origin: interosseous membrane and posterior surfaces of radius and ulna
Insertion: lateral side of base of metacarpal I
Function: abducts thumb
Innervation: radial nerve

38
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of extensor pollicis brevis?

A

Origin: posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Function: extends at metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints of thumb
Innervation: radial nerve

39
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of extensor pollicis longus?

A

Origin: posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
Insertion: distal phalanx of thumb
Function: extends all joints of thumb
Innervation: radial nerve

40
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of extensor indicis?

A

Origin: posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
Insertion: extensor hood of digit 2
Function: extend digit 2
Innervation: radial nerve

41
Q

What are the borders of the anatomical snuff box?

A

Medially - tendons of extensor pollicis longus
Laterally - tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
Proximally - styloid process of radius
Floor - carpal bones, scaphoid, trapezium
Roof - skin

42
Q

What muscles perform wrist abduction?

A

Flexor carpi radialis

Extensor carpi radialis (longus and brevis)

43
Q

What muscles perform wrist adduction?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Extensor carpi ulnaris

44
Q

What muscles perform supination?

A

Biceps brachii

Supinator

45
Q

What muscles perform pronation?

A

Pronator teres

Pronator quadratus

46
Q

What is the function of flexor retinaculum?

A

Prevents bowing of tendons

47
Q

What is contained in the carpal tunnel?

A

Median nerve
Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus

48
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Median nerve compression due to increased pressure in carpal tunnel
Associated with trauma, obesity and pregnancy

49
Q

What is the function of extensor retinaculum?

A

Prevents bowing of tendons

Separates tendons into compartments

50
Q

What does the brachial artery divide into?

A

Radial artery

Ulnar artery

51
Q

What muscle does the radial artery pass under?

A

Brachioradialis

52
Q

What muscle does the ulnar artery pass under?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

53
Q

What artery does the common interosseous branch from?

A

Ulnar artery

54
Q

What are the 2 branches of the radial nerve?

A 
Superficial branch (sensory)
Deep branch (motor)
55
Q

What does the superficial branch of the radial nerve supply?

A

Lateral dorsum of hand

56
Q

What does the deep branch of the radial nerve supply?

A

Posterior compartment

57
Q

What does the anterior interosseous nerve branch from?

A

Median nerve

58
Q

What does the median nerve supply?

A

Motor: anterior compartment except FCU / medial part FDP
Sensory: lateral palm, D1, D2, D3, 1/2 D4

59
Q

What does the ulnar nerve supply?

A

Motor: FCU and medial part FDP
Sensory: medial hand, 1/2 D4, D5

Module 204 MSK & Immune system (44 decks)

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