DR3 Forearm Flashcards
What is the common flexor origin?
Medial epicondyle of humerus
What is the origin, insertion and function of palmaris longus?
Origin: CFO
Insertion: palmar aponeurosis
Function: flexion of wrist
What is the palmar aponeurosis?
Thick sheet of dense fibrous connective tissue over central region of palm of hand
What is the origin, insertion and function of flexor carpi radialis?
Origin: CFO
Insertion: Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones
Function: flexion and abduction of wrist
What is the origin, insertion and function of flexor carpi ulnaris
Origin: CFO
Insertion: pisiform bone and 5th metacarpal
Function: flexion and adduction
What is the origin, insertion and function of pronator teres?
Origin: CFO
Insertion: radius
Function: pronation of wrist
What is the origin, insertion and function of flexor digitorum superficial?
Origin: CFO
Insertion: middle phalanges of D2-D5
Function: Flexion at metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joint of digits 2-5, flexes at wrist
What is the origin, insertion and function of flexor digitorum profundus?
Origin: Ulna
Insertion: distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Function: flexion of distal interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal and wrist joints
What is the origin, insertion and function of flexor pollicis longus?
Origin: anterior surface radius
Insertion: base of distal phalanx of digit 1
Function: flexion of thumb
What is the origin, insertion and function of pronator quadratus?
Origin: Anterior surface ulna
Insertion: anterior surface radius
Function: pronate forearm
What is flexor retinaculum?
Strong band of fibrous connective tissue that crosses wrist and holds tendons in place to prevent them bowing
Forms roof of carpal tunnel
What are the superficial muscles of the flexor / anterior compartment?
Palmaris longus Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Pronator teres Flexor digitorum superficialis
What are the deep muscles of the flexor / anterior compartment?
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadrates
What does the brachial artery branch into?
Radial artery
Ulna artery
What does the ulnar artery branch into?
Common interosseous artery
What does the common interosseous artery branch into?
Anterior interosseous artery
Posterior interosseous artery
Describe the path of the ulnar nerve
Passes through cubital tunnel into forearm, under flexor carpi ulnaris.
crosses wrist to lie superficial to flexor retinaculum.
Within the hand it divides into deep and superficial branch
What does the ulnar nerve supply?
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Ulnar side of flexor digitorum profundus
Intrinsic muscles of hand
Describe the path of the median nerve
Enters forearm between 2 heads of pronator teres
Passes into carpal tunnel to lie superficial and deep to digital flexor tendons
What does the median nerve supply?
Muscles of anterior compartment except flexor carpi ulnaris
Muscles in hand forming ball of thumb
Describe the path of the musculocutaneous nerve
Enters forearm as lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
What does the musculocutaneous nerve supply?
Skin on dorsal and ventral side of forearm
What are the superficial muscles of the poster compartment of the forearm?
Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor indicis
What is the origin, insertion and function of brachioradialis?
Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: styloid process at distal end of radius
Function: flexion of forearm
What is the origin, insertion and function of extensor carpi radialis longus?
Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: base of metacarpal II
Function: extend and abduct wrist
What is the origin, insertion and function of extensor carpi radialis brevis?
Origin: CEO
Insertion: dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal
Function: extend and abduct wrist
What is the origin, insertion and function of extensor carpi ulnaris?
Origin: CEO
Insertion: dorsal aspect of base of metacarpal 5
Function: extend and adduct wrist
What is the origin, insertion and function of extensor digitorum?
Origin: CEO
Insertion: 4 tendons insert into middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Function: extends proximal and distal interphalangeal joints
What is the origin, insertion and function of extensor digiti minimi?
Origin: CEO
Insertion: extensor hood of digit 5
Function: extension of digit 5
What is the origin, insertion and function of extensor indicis?
Origin: Posterior surface ulna
Insertion: extensor hood digit 2
Function: extend digit 2
What are the deep muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus
Supinator
What is the origin, insertion and function of abductor pollicis longus?
Origin: interosseous membrane and posterior surface of radius and ulna
Insertion: base metacarpal I
Function: abducts thumb
What is the origin, insertion and function of extensor pollicis brevis?
Origin: posterior surface radius
Insertion: base proximal phalanx thumb
Function: extend at metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints of thumb
What is the origin, insertion and function of extensor pollicis longus?
Origin: posterior surface ulna
Insertion: distal phalanx thumb
Function: extend all joints of thumb
What is the origin, insertion and function of supinator?
Origin: ulna and humerus
Insertion: posterior surface radius
Function: supinates forarm
Describe the path of the radial nerve
Enters anterior compartment of forearm at lateral side, crosses supinator. Divides into deep and superficial branch
Describe the path of the deep branch of the radial nerve
Goes to posterior interosseous nerve which pierces supinator to enter posterior compartment to supply extensors
Describe the path of the superficial branch of the radial nerve
Passes down forearm under brachioradialis, deep to tendon of brachioradialis near wrist where it divides into several digital branches to supply skin on dorsolateral aspect of hand.
