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Module 204 MSK & Immune system > T2 L14 Morphological plan lower limb > Flashcards

T2 L14 Morphological plan lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the lower limb?

A

Locomotion
Weight bearing
High stresses

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2
Q

How is lower limb different to upper limb?

A

Limbs are closer together
Extensors are anterior
Flexors are posterior

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3
Q

What are the movements of the lower limb?

A 
Flexion / extension
Abduction / adduction
Lateral / medial rotation
Pronation / supination
Circumduction
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4
Q

What movement can’t the lower limb do?

A

Opposition

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5
Q

What movements can occur at the hip joint?

A

Flexion / extension
Abduction / adduction
Lateral / medial rotation

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6
Q

What movements can occur at the knee joint?

A

Extension / flexion

Lateral / medial rotation (when flexed)

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7
Q

What movements can occur at the ankle joint?

A

Dorsiflexion (extension)

Plantarflexion (flexion)

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8
Q

What movements can occur in the foot joints?

A

Eversion / inversion
Supination / pronation
Extension / flexion

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9
Q

What are the functional compartments of the thigh?

A

Anterior - extensors of knee
Posterior - flexors of knee
Medial - adductors of thigh

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10
Q

What are the function compartments of the leg?

A

Anterior - extensors of foot
Posterior - flexors of foot
Lateral - everters of foot

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11
Q

What are the main gluteal muscles?

A

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fasciae latae

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12
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of gluteus maximus?

A

Origin: ilium
Insertion: gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract
Function: extension, lateral rotation, support extended knee
Innervation: inferior gluteal nerve

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13
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of gluteus medius?

A

Origin: ilium
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur
Function: abduction and medial rotation
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

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14
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of gluteus minimus?

A

Origin: ilium
Insertion: greater trochanter femur
Function: abduction and medial rotation
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

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15
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of tensor fasciae latae?

A

Origin: anterior iliac crest. ASIS
Insertion: iliotibial tract
Function: stabilise knee joint
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

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16
Q

What are the small muscles of gluteal region?

A 
Piriformis
Gemellus superior
Obturator internus
Gemellus inferior 
Quadratus femoris
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17
Q

What is the function of the small muscles of gluteal region?

A

Stabilise hip

Lateral rotation of extended thigh

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18
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of piriformis?

A

Origin: sacrum
Insertion: greater trochanter femur
Function: stabilise hip, lateral rotation extended thigh
Innervation: branches from sacral plexus

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19
Q

Where do the small muscles of gluteal region originate and insert?

A

Originate from ischium / ischiopubic ramus
Insert onto greater trochanter
Apart from piriformis

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20
Q

What are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Quadriceps
Sartorius
Iliopsoas

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21
Q

What muscles make up the quadriceps?

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius

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22
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of rectus femoris?

A

Origin: AIIS, femur
Insertion: tibial tuberosity
Function: knee extension, hip flexion
Innervation: femoral nerve

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23
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of vastus lateralis?

A

Origin: AIIS, femur
Insertion: tibial tuberosity
Function: extend knee
Innervation: femoral nerve

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24
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of vastus medalis?

A

Origin: AIIS, femur
Insertion: tibial tuberosity
Function: extend knee
Innervation: femoral nerve

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25
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of vastus intermedius?
Origin: AIIS, femur Insertion: tibial tuberosity Function: extend knee Innervation: femoral nerve
26
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of sartorius?
``` Longest strap muscle in body Origin: ASIS Insertion: medial side tibia Function: flexion at hip and knee Innervation: femoral nerve ```
27
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of iliopsoas?
Origin: lumbar vertebrae and iliac fossa pelvis Insertion: lesser trochanter femur Function: flex thigh at hip joint Innervation: anterior rami L1-3, femoral nerve
28
What muscles are in the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Hamstrings
29
What muscles make up the hamstrings?
Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps femoris
30
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of semimembranosus?
Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: medial surface tibia Function: flexion at knee, extension at hip, medial rotation at hip and knee Innervation: sciatic nerve
31
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of semitendinosus?
Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: medial surface tibia Function: flexion at knee, extension at thigh, medial rotation at hip and knee Innervation: sciatic nerve
32
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of biceps femoris?
Origin: ischial tuberosity, linea aspera of femur Insertion: proximal end fibula Function: flexion at knee, extension of thigh, lateral rotation of hip and knee Innervation: sciatic nerve
33
What muscles are in the medial compartment of thigh?
``` Adductor longus Adductor brevis Adductor magnus Pectineus Gracilis ```
34
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of adductor longus?
Origin: pubis Insertion: linea aspera femur Function: adduction thigh Innervation: obturator nerve
35
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of adductor brevis?
Origin: body pubis, inferior pubic rami Insertion: linea aspera on posterior surface femur Function: adducts thigh Innervation: obturator nerve
36
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of adductor part of adductor magnus?
Origin: ischiopubic ramus Insertion: linea aspera Function: adduct thigh, flex thigh Innervation: obturator nerve
37
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of hamstring part of adductor Magnus?
Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: adductor tubercle Function: adduct thigh, extend thigh Innervation: sciatic nerve
38
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of pectineus?
Origin: pectineal line on anterior surface pelvis Insertion: pectineal line on posterior side femur Function: adduction and flexion at hip Innervation: femoral nerve
39
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of gracilis?
Origin: inferior rami pubis, body of pubis Insertion: medial surface tibia Function: adducts thigh at hip, flexes leg at thigh Innervation: obturator nerve
40
What muscles flex the thigh?
Rectus femoris Sartorius Iliopsoas
41
What muscles abduct thigh?
Gluteus medius | Gluteus minimus
42
What muscles extend thigh?
Gluteus maximus Hamstrings Hamstring part adductor magnus
43
What muscles adduct thigh?
``` Adductor longus Adductor brevis Adductor part of adductor magnus Pectineus Gracilis ```
44
What muscles medially and laterally rotate thigh?
Gluteal muscles Hamstrings Adductors Short rotators
45
Where does the nerve supply to the lower limb come from?
Lumbar and sacral plexus
46
Where does the obturator nerve come from and what does it pass through?
From lumbar plexus of L2-L4 | Passes through obturator foramen
47
What does obturator nerve supply?
Motor to medial compartment of thigh except pectineus and hamstring part of adductor magnus Sensory to skin over medial thigh
48
Where does sciatic nerve come from and where does it go?
From sacral plexus L4 to S3 | Passes through greater sciatic foramen to emerge inferior to piriformis
49
What does sciatic nerve supply?
Motor to posterior compartment of thigh, leg, foot and hamstring part of adductor magnus Sensory to skin over leg and foot, except for medial side
50
Where does the sciatic nerve terminate?
At apex of popliteal fossa into tibial nerve and common fibular nerve
51
What branches off tibial nerve and what does it supply?
Sural nerve branch for sensory supply to lateral foot
52
What does the common fibular nerve divide into?
Superficial fibular | Deep fibular
53
Where does the femoral nerve come from and pass?
From lumbar plexus L2 to L4 | Passes through inguinal ligament
54
What does the femoral nerve supply?
Motor to anterior compartment of thigh | Sensory to skin over anterior thigh, knee, medial side of leg and foot
55
What branches off the femoral nerve and what does it supply?
Saphenous nerve for sensory supply to medial leg / foot
56
What muscle does saphenous nerve sit under?
Sartorius muscle
57
Describe the blood supply to lower limb
External iliac artery passes through inguinal ligament to become femoral artery Passes through adductor hiatus to become popliteal artery which divides into anterior and posterior tibial arteries
58
What is the femoral triangle?
Area in anterior thigh where many large neurovascular structures pass
59
What are the borders of the femoral triangle?
Superiorly - inguinal ligament Laterally - medial border sartorius muscle Medially - medial border adductor longus Anteriorly - fascia lata Posteriorly - pectineus, iliopsoas, adductor longus
60
What is contained in the femoral sheath?
Femoral artery Femoral vein Femoral canal containing lymphatics
61
What is not contained in femoral sheath?
Femoral nerve
62
What are some clinical applications of the femoral triangle?
Femoral hernia through inguinal canal Angioplasty Femoral nerve block Venepuncture
63
Describe the venous drainage of the lower limb
Deep veins follow arteries 2 major superficial veins: - great / long saphenous vein - small / short saphenous vein
64
Describe the great saphenous vein
Longest vein in body Drains medial side of dorsal venous arch Drains medial side limb Drains into femoral vein in femoral triangle
65
Describe the small saphenous vein
Drains lateral side of dorsal venous arch | Pierces deep popliteal fossa to drain into popliteal vein
66
Describe the lymphatics of the lower limb
Follows general pattern of superficial and deep veins Superficial inguinal nodes - drain skin and superficial fascia of lower limb Deep inguinal nodes found beside femoral vein

Module 204 MSK & Immune system (44 decks)

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