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Module 204 MSK & Immune system > T2 L14 Morphological plan lower limb > Flashcards

T2 L14 Morphological plan lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the lower limb?

A

Locomotion
Weight bearing
High stresses

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2
Q

How is lower limb different to upper limb?

A

Limbs are closer together
Extensors are anterior
Flexors are posterior

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3
Q

What are the movements of the lower limb?

A 
Flexion / extension
Abduction / adduction
Lateral / medial rotation
Pronation / supination
Circumduction
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4
Q

What movement can’t the lower limb do?

A

Opposition

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5
Q

What movements can occur at the hip joint?

A

Flexion / extension
Abduction / adduction
Lateral / medial rotation

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6
Q

What movements can occur at the knee joint?

A

Extension / flexion

Lateral / medial rotation (when flexed)

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7
Q

What movements can occur at the ankle joint?

A

Dorsiflexion (extension)

Plantarflexion (flexion)

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8
Q

What movements can occur in the foot joints?

A

Eversion / inversion
Supination / pronation
Extension / flexion

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9
Q

What are the functional compartments of the thigh?

A

Anterior - extensors of knee
Posterior - flexors of knee
Medial - adductors of thigh

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10
Q

What are the function compartments of the leg?

A

Anterior - extensors of foot
Posterior - flexors of foot
Lateral - everters of foot

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11
Q

What are the main gluteal muscles?

A

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fasciae latae

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12
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of gluteus maximus?

A

Origin: ilium
Insertion: gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract
Function: extension, lateral rotation, support extended knee
Innervation: inferior gluteal nerve

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13
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of gluteus medius?

A

Origin: ilium
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur
Function: abduction and medial rotation
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

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14
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of gluteus minimus?

A

Origin: ilium
Insertion: greater trochanter femur
Function: abduction and medial rotation
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

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15
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of tensor fasciae latae?

A

Origin: anterior iliac crest. ASIS
Insertion: iliotibial tract
Function: stabilise knee joint
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

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16
Q

What are the small muscles of gluteal region?

A 
Piriformis
Gemellus superior
Obturator internus
Gemellus inferior 
Quadratus femoris
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17
Q

What is the function of the small muscles of gluteal region?

A

Stabilise hip

Lateral rotation of extended thigh

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18
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of piriformis?

A

Origin: sacrum
Insertion: greater trochanter femur
Function: stabilise hip, lateral rotation extended thigh
Innervation: branches from sacral plexus

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19
Q

Where do the small muscles of gluteal region originate and insert?

A

Originate from ischium / ischiopubic ramus
Insert onto greater trochanter
Apart from piriformis

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20
Q

What are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Quadriceps
Sartorius
Iliopsoas

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21
Q

What muscles make up the quadriceps?

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius

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22
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of rectus femoris?

A

Origin: AIIS, femur
Insertion: tibial tuberosity
Function: knee extension, hip flexion
Innervation: femoral nerve

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23
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of vastus lateralis?

A

Origin: AIIS, femur
Insertion: tibial tuberosity
Function: extend knee
Innervation: femoral nerve

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24
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of vastus medalis?

A

Origin: AIIS, femur
Insertion: tibial tuberosity
Function: extend knee
Innervation: femoral nerve

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25
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of vastus intermedius?

A

Origin: AIIS, femur
Insertion: tibial tuberosity
Function: extend knee
Innervation: femoral nerve

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26
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of sartorius?

A 
Longest strap muscle in body
Origin: ASIS
Insertion: medial side tibia
Function: flexion at hip and knee
Innervation: femoral nerve
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27
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of iliopsoas?

A

Origin: lumbar vertebrae and iliac fossa pelvis
Insertion: lesser trochanter femur
Function: flex thigh at hip joint
Innervation: anterior rami L1-3, femoral nerve

28
Q

What muscles are in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Hamstrings

29
Q

What muscles make up the hamstrings?

A

Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris

30
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of semimembranosus?

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial surface tibia
Function: flexion at knee, extension at hip, medial rotation at hip and knee
Innervation: sciatic nerve

31
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of semitendinosus?

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial surface tibia
Function: flexion at knee, extension at thigh, medial rotation at hip and knee
Innervation: sciatic nerve

32
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of biceps femoris?

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity, linea aspera of femur
Insertion: proximal end fibula
Function: flexion at knee, extension of thigh, lateral rotation of hip and knee
Innervation: sciatic nerve

33
Q

What muscles are in the medial compartment of thigh?

A 
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Pectineus
Gracilis
34
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of adductor longus?

A

Origin: pubis
Insertion: linea aspera femur
Function: adduction thigh
Innervation: obturator nerve

35
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of adductor brevis?

A

Origin: body pubis, inferior pubic rami
Insertion: linea aspera on posterior surface femur
Function: adducts thigh
Innervation: obturator nerve

36
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of adductor part of adductor magnus?

A

Origin: ischiopubic ramus
Insertion: linea aspera
Function: adduct thigh, flex thigh
Innervation: obturator nerve

37
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of hamstring part of adductor Magnus?

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: adductor tubercle
Function: adduct thigh, extend thigh
Innervation: sciatic nerve

38
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of pectineus?

A

Origin: pectineal line on anterior surface pelvis
Insertion: pectineal line on posterior side femur
Function: adduction and flexion at hip
Innervation: femoral nerve

39
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of gracilis?

A

Origin: inferior rami pubis, body of pubis
Insertion: medial surface tibia
Function: adducts thigh at hip, flexes leg at thigh
Innervation: obturator nerve

40
Q

What muscles flex the thigh?

A

Rectus femoris
Sartorius
Iliopsoas

41
Q

What muscles abduct thigh?

A

Gluteus medius

Gluteus minimus

42
Q

What muscles extend thigh?

A

Gluteus maximus
Hamstrings
Hamstring part adductor magnus

43
Q

What muscles adduct thigh?

A 
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor part of adductor magnus
Pectineus
Gracilis
44
Q

What muscles medially and laterally rotate thigh?

A

Gluteal muscles
Hamstrings
Adductors
Short rotators

45
Q

Where does the nerve supply to the lower limb come from?

A

Lumbar and sacral plexus

46
Q

Where does the obturator nerve come from and what does it pass through?

A

From lumbar plexus of L2-L4

Passes through obturator foramen

47
Q

What does obturator nerve supply?

A

Motor to medial compartment of thigh except pectineus and hamstring part of adductor magnus
Sensory to skin over medial thigh

48
Q

Where does sciatic nerve come from and where does it go?

A

From sacral plexus L4 to S3

Passes through greater sciatic foramen to emerge inferior to piriformis

49
Q

What does sciatic nerve supply?

A

Motor to posterior compartment of thigh, leg, foot and hamstring part of adductor magnus
Sensory to skin over leg and foot, except for medial side

50
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve terminate?

A

At apex of popliteal fossa into tibial nerve and common fibular nerve

51
Q

What branches off tibial nerve and what does it supply?

A

Sural nerve branch for sensory supply to lateral foot

52
Q

What does the common fibular nerve divide into?

A

Superficial fibular

Deep fibular

53
Q

Where does the femoral nerve come from and pass?

A

From lumbar plexus L2 to L4

Passes through inguinal ligament

54
Q

What does the femoral nerve supply?

A

Motor to anterior compartment of thigh

Sensory to skin over anterior thigh, knee, medial side of leg and foot

55
Q

What branches off the femoral nerve and what does it supply?

A

Saphenous nerve for sensory supply to medial leg / foot

56
Q

What muscle does saphenous nerve sit under?

A

Sartorius muscle

57
Q

Describe the blood supply to lower limb

A

External iliac artery passes through inguinal ligament to become femoral artery
Passes through adductor hiatus to become popliteal artery which divides into anterior and posterior tibial arteries

58
Q

What is the femoral triangle?

A

Area in anterior thigh where many large neurovascular structures pass

59
Q

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

A

Superiorly - inguinal ligament
Laterally - medial border sartorius muscle
Medially - medial border adductor longus
Anteriorly - fascia lata
Posteriorly - pectineus, iliopsoas, adductor longus

60
Q

What is contained in the femoral sheath?

A

Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Femoral canal containing lymphatics

61
Q

What is not contained in femoral sheath?

A

Femoral nerve

62
Q

What are some clinical applications of the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral hernia through inguinal canal
Angioplasty
Femoral nerve block
Venepuncture

63
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the lower limb

A

Deep veins follow arteries
2 major superficial veins:
- great / long saphenous vein
- small / short saphenous vein

64
Q

Describe the great saphenous vein

A

Longest vein in body
Drains medial side of dorsal venous arch
Drains medial side limb
Drains into femoral vein in femoral triangle

65
Q

Describe the small saphenous vein

A

Drains lateral side of dorsal venous arch

Pierces deep popliteal fossa to drain into popliteal vein

66
Q

Describe the lymphatics of the lower limb

A

Follows general pattern of superficial and deep veins
Superficial inguinal nodes - drain skin and superficial fascia of lower limb
Deep inguinal nodes found beside femoral vein

Module 204 MSK & Immune system (44 decks)

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