DR1: back and shoulder Flashcards
What is the function of the superficial muscles of the back?
Attach pectoral girdle to trunk
What is the origin, insertion and function of the UPPER trapezius fibres?
Origin: external occipital protuberance of skull, spinous processes of cervical vertebrae
Insertion: clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
Function: elevate scapula
What is the origin, insertion and function of the MIDDLE trapezius fibres?
Origin: spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: spine of scapula
Function: retraction
What is the origin, insertion and function of the LOWER trapezius fibres?
Origin: spinous processes of lower thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: spine of scapula
Function: depress scapula
What is the origin, insertion and function of the rhomboids?
Origin: spinous process C7 and upper 5 thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: medial border scapula
Function: retract and elevate scapula
What is the origin, insertion and function of the latissimus dorsi?
Origin: thoracolumbar fascia of back
Insertion: floor of inter tubercular sulcus of humerus
Function: adduction, medial rotation
What is the origin, insertion and function of serratus anterior?
Origin: upper 8 ribs
Insertion: medial border scapula
Function: protraction of scapula
Where do the deep muscles sit?
Between spinous processes of vertebrae and angle of ribs
What is the largest group of the deep muscles?
Erector spinae
What are the 3 muscles that make up erector spinae?
Spinales
Longissimus
Iliocostalis
What is the origin and insertion of spinales?
Origin: erector spinae aponeurosis
Insertion: thoracic spinous processes and skull
What is the origin and insertion of longissimus?
Origin: Erector spinae aponeurosis
Insertion: Thoracic and cervical transverse processes
What is the origin and insertion of iliocostalis?
Origin: erector spinae aponeurosis
Insertion: ribs
What is the erector spinae aponeurosis?
A broad, thick tendon at the base of the back
Where does multifidus lie?
Under erector spinae
What is the origin, insertion and function of the multifidus?
Origin: transverse processes
Insertion: spinous processes
Function: stabilises back and extends vertebral column
What makes up the pectoral girdle?
Scapula
Clavicle
What is the main function of the pectoral girdle?
Support upper limb
Where does the pectoral girdle articulate with the trunk?
At the sternoclavicular joint
What are the parts of the scapula?
Acromion Coracoid Glenoid fossa Suprascapular notch Superior angle Subscapular fossa Supraspinous fossa Spine Infraspinous fossa
What are the parts of the humerus?
Anatomical neck Surgical neck Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Bicipital groove Deltoid tuberosity Head of humerus
Describe the glenohumeral joint
Shallow articulation between head of humerus and glenoid fossa of scapula
Synovial ball and socket joint
What forms the quadrangular space?
Teres minor
Teres major
Shaft of humerus
Long head of triceps brachii
What are the 3 parts of the axilla?
Apex (inlet)
Base
Walls
What forms the apex of the axilla?
Anteriorly - clavicle
Medially - 1st rib
Posteriorly - superior border of scapula
What forms the base of the axilla?
Skin
Subcutaneous tissue
What forms the anterior wall of the axilla?
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor muscles
What forms the posterior wall of the axilla?
Teres major
Latissimus dorsi
Subscapularis muscle
What forms the medial wall of the axilla?
Serratus anterior muscle
What forms the lateral wall of the axilla?
Shaft of humerus
What is contained within the axilla?
Axillary artery and its branches
Axillary vein and its tributaries
Lymph vessels and nodes
Brachial plexus
What forms the scalene triangle?
Anterior and middle scalene muscles and 1st rib
When does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?
When it crosses teres major
What divides the axillary artery into 3 parts?
Pectoralis minor
Describe the path of the cephalic vein
Passes through deltopectoral groove to join axillary vein within axilla
What are the terminal branches of the brachial plexus?
Musculocutaneous
Ulnar
Radial
Axillary
What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
What is the origin and insertion of the supraspinatus muscle?
Origin: supraspinous fossa
Insertion: anterior facet on greater tubercle of humerus
What is the origin and insertion of the infraspinatus muscle?
Origin: infraspinous fossa
Insertion: middle facet on greater tubercle of humerus
What is the origin and insertion of the terms minor?
Origin: dorsal aspect of lateral border of scapula
Insertion: lowest facet on greater tubercle of humerus
What is the origin and insertion of the subscapularis?
Origin: sub scapular fossa
Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
What are the positions of the rotator cuff in relation to the joint?
Superior is supraspinatus
Posterior is infraspinatus and teres minor
Anterior is subscapularis
What is the origin, insertion and function of the teres major muscle?
Origin: inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: medial lip of inter tubercular sulcus of humerus
Function: adduction, medial rotation
What is the origin, insertion and function of the deltoid?
Origin: lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Function: abductor
What is the fibrous joint capsule around the glenohumeral joint attached to?
Rim of glenoid fossa
Anatomical neck of humerus
What does the coracoacromial ligament do?
Stabilises glenohumeral joint by forming an arch superiorly over the joint
What do the glenohumeral ligaments do?
Stabilise the glenohumeral joint anteriorly
What does the glenoid labrum do?
Deepens glenoid fossa to increase glenohumeral joint stabilisation
