T. Shock and Sepsis

Question 1

Shock

Answer 1

• occurs due to a rapid decrease in circulating blood volume, leading to extremely low oxygen levels
• a syndrome that occurs when there is a decrease in tissue perfusion and cellular metabolism; it may result from a variety of conditions.
• cells do not receive the oxygen and nutrients that they demand

Question 2

SIRS (systemic inflammatory response to infection)

Answer 2

a non-specific inflammatory response to a number of acute conditions, including sepsis, ischemia, infarction, and injury. Generalized inflammation is seen in organs that are away from the site of the actual problem.

Question 3

Cardiogenic Shock

Answer 3

• a life-threatening condition in which your heart suddenly can’t pump enough blood to meet your body’s needs.
• A cardiac event, such as a myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, or pericardial tamponade, begins the cascade of events known as cardiogenic shock.

Question 4

Hypovolemic Shock

Answer 4

caused by a loss of intravascular fluid volume. When a person experiences a significant loss of fluid volume, this leads to a decrease in venous return to the heart. Reduced venous return causes decreased tissue perfusion and impaired cellular metabolism.

Question 5

Neurogenic Shock

Answer 5

a hemodynamic occurrence that occurs within 30 minutes of a spinal cord injury and can last up to 6 weeks. Spinal anesthesia can also precipitate neurogenic shock.

Question 6

Anaphylactic Shock

Answer 6

an acute, life-threatening allergic reaction to a substance, such as a drug, chemical, vaccine, food, or insect venom.

Question 7

Septic Shock

Answer 7

• life-threatening condition that happens when your blood pressure drops to a dangerously low level after an infection.
• initiated by an overwhelming infection. The microorganisms are so numerous that they cause three things to occur: proinflammatory cytokine release, endothelial damage, and stimulation of the central nervous system and endocrine system.

Question 8

Obstructive Shock

Answer 8

caused by a physical obstruction to the outflow of blood from the heart. This obstruction causes congestion of the heart leading to decreased outflow and decreased venous return.

Question 9

Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)

Answer 9

the failure of two or more organ systems in an acutely ill patient, or when two or more organ systems are unable to function well without help