T. Immune Response Flashcards
Immune responses serve three functions
Defence
Homeostasis
Surveillance
Innate v. Acquired immunity
Innate (present at birth)
Acquired (active and passive)
Mononuclear phagocytes
- phagocytosis of foreign material and processing and presentation of antigens to T cells by antigen-presenting cells.
- a family of cells comprising bone marrow progenitors, blood monocytes and tissue macrophages. Macrophages are a major cell population in most of the tissues in the body, and their numbers increase further in inflammation, wounding and malignancy.
Lymphocytes
B Lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
T cytotoxic Cells
T helper and T suppressor cells
Natural Killer Cells - recognition and killing of virus-infected cells, tumour cells, and transplanted grafts;
Dentritic Cells - (capture antigens at sites of contact with the external environment (e.g., skin, mucous membranes) and then transport this antigen until it encounters a T cell with specificity for the antigen.)
Cytokines
act as messengers between the cell types.
Ex. Erythropoitin
Interleukin 2
Humoural immunity
antibody-mediated immunity
the aspect of immunity that is mediated by macromolecules - including secreted antibodies, complement proteins, and certain antimicrobial peptides - located in extracellular fluids.
Cell-mediated immunity
an immune response that does not involve antibodies.
activation of phagocytes, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen.
Hypersensitivity reactions
- your body overreacting
- Sometimes the immune response is overreactive against foreign antigens or reacts against its own tissue, resulting in tissue damage.
- type 1-3 are immediate
Type I: Anaphylactic reactions
Type II: Cytotoxic and cytolytic reactions
Type III: Immune-complex reactions
Type IV: Delayed hypersensitivity reactions
- Anaphylactic reactions
that occur only in susceptible people who are highly sensitized to specific allergens
- Anaphylaxis - a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. Mediators released systemically
- Atopic reactions - your immune system is more sensitive to common allergic triggers that you breathe in or eat.
- Cytotoxic and cytolytic reactions
involving the direct binding of IgG or IgM antibodies to an antigen on the cell surface.
- Hemolytic transfusion reactions - recipient receives ABO-incompatible blood
- Goodpasture’s syndrome - antibody-mediated autoimmune reaction occurs involving the glomerular and alveolar basement membranes.
- Immune-complex reaction
- tissue damange
- IgG and IgM classes to form complexes that are too small to be effectively removed
- the complexes deposit in tissue or small blood vessels.
- They cause activation, release of chemotactic factors that lead to inflammation and destruction of the involved tissue.
- Delayed hypersensitivity reactions
also called a cell-mediated immune response.
- Contact dermatitis
- Microbial hypersensitivity reactions
- Transplant rejection
- Some drug reactions (tb skin test)
Immunotherapy
- is the treatment of disease by activating or suppressing the immune system.
- Activation immunotherapies - Immunotherapies designed to elicit or amplify an immune response a
- Suppression immunotherapies - immunotherapies that reduce or suppress
idiopathic environmental intolerances
- Multiple chemical sensitivities
- is the term for an acquired disorder in which certain people who are exposed to various chemicals and food in the environment have many symptoms related to multiple body systems. This disorder occurs primarily in women. Symptoms include fatigue, headache, nausea, pain, dizziness, mouth irritation, disorientation, and cough.
Latex-Food syndrome
- Some foods have proteins that are like those in the rubber tree sap.
- Banana, avocado, chestnut, kiwi, tomato, water chestnut, guava, hazelnut, potato, peach, grape, and apricot
