T. Inflammation and Wound Healing Flashcards
Hypertrophy
an increase and growth of muscle cells
Hyperplasia
n enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the amount of organic tissue that results from cell proliferation.
Atrophy
progressive degeneration or shrinkage of muscle or nerve tissue
Metaplasia
the replacement of one differentiated somatic cell type with another differentiated somatic cell type in the same tissue.
Dysplasia
a group of cells showing an abnormal pattern of growth and maturation.
Anaplasia
condition of cells with poor cellular differentiation, losing the morphological characteristics of mature cells and their orientation with respect to each other and to endothelial cells.
“to form backward,” which implies dedifferentiation (or loss of the structural and functional differentiation) of normal cells during tumorigenesis.
Cell Injury
a variety of changes of stress that a cell suffers due to external as well as internal environmental changes.
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death
Necrosis
the death of body tissue
Not normal in developed tissues; serious when many cells involved
Mononuclear phagocyte system
- a family of cells comprising bone marrow progenitors, blood monocytes and tissue macrophages.
- part of the immune system that consists of the phagocytic cells
Inflammatory response
a biological response to cell injury caused by pathogens, irritants, or chronic health conditions.
Vascular response
-vasoconstriction, platlets, blod clot
Cellular response >Neutrophils >Monocytes >Lymphocytes .Eosinophils and basophils
catarrhal
excessive discharge or buildup of mucus in the nose or throat, associated with inflammation of the mucous membrane.
type of exudate
Heal Process: Repair: Primary intention
- wound margins are neatly approximated
* wound that’s closed with sutures/staples, minimal scarring
Heal Process: Repair: Secondary intention
wound edges don’t approximate (not pulled together), ex in pressure injury or when tissue is removed. Healed by filling in with scar tissue. Increased risk of injection since its open
Heal Process: Repair: Tertiary intention
- healing that occurs with wounds being open for several days then later approximated. Does when wound is contaminated/inflammed
- The wound is later closed surgically after the problem is controlled or resolved. Healing by tertiary intention usually results in a larger and deeper scar than does healing by primary or secondary intention.
Heal Process: Regeneration
- replacement of lost cells and tissues with cells of the same type
- depends on the cell type
Labile cells– divide constantly (skin bone marrow, mucous membranes, lymphoid organs)
Stable cells – retain their ability to regenerate but only if the organ is injured (pancreas, liver, kidney, bone cells)
Permanent cells– no regeneration (neurons, cardiac muscle cells
Wound classification
- Cause (surgical/nonsurgical; acute/chronic)
- Duration (acute or chronic)
- Level of contamination
- Depth of tissue (superficial; partial thickness; full thickness)
Pressure Injuries
amount of pressure needed to close capillary, especially susceptibility if reduce sensation and can’t shift to offload pressure, tissue death may occur
Staging of Pressure Injuries
Suspected deep tissue injury
Discoloured intact skin
Stage 1
Intact skin with nonblanchable redness
Stage 2
Partial thickness loss of skin with exposed dermis
Stage 3
Full-thickness tissue loss with visible fat, rolled wound edges
Stage 4
Full-thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, muscle, or tendon
Unstageable
Full-thickness tissue loss, in which the base of the ulcer is covered by slough or eschar in the wound bed
Granulated tissue
red/moist shows that it’s healing
Slough
stringly and yellow/white, attached to wound bed needs to be removed
Gangrene
Necrosis of an appendage (usually the limbs)
Fibrinous
type of exudate
excessive amounts of fibrin coating of tissue surfaces may cause tissues to adhere
Evisceration
occurs when wound edges separate to the extent that intestines protrude through the wound.
