T. Inflammation and Wound Healing

Question 1

Hypertrophy

Answer 1

an increase and growth of muscle cells

Question 2

Hyperplasia

Answer 2

n enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the amount of organic tissue that results from cell proliferation.

Question 3

Atrophy

Answer 3

progressive degeneration or shrinkage of muscle or nerve tissue

Question 4

Metaplasia

Answer 4

the replacement of one differentiated somatic cell type with another differentiated somatic cell type in the same tissue.

Question 5

Dysplasia

Answer 5

a group of cells showing an abnormal pattern of growth and maturation.

Question 6

Anaplasia

Answer 6

condition of cells with poor cellular differentiation, losing the morphological characteristics of mature cells and their orientation with respect to each other and to endothelial cells.

“to form backward,” which implies dedifferentiation (or loss of the structural and functional differentiation) of normal cells during tumorigenesis.

Question 7

Cell Injury

Answer 7

a variety of changes of stress that a cell suffers due to external as well as internal environmental changes.

Question 8

Apoptosis

Answer 8

Programmed cell death

Question 9

Necrosis

Answer 9

the death of body tissue

Not normal in developed tissues; serious when many cells involved

Question 10

Mononuclear phagocyte system

Answer 10

• a family of cells comprising bone marrow progenitors, blood monocytes and tissue macrophages.
• part of the immune system that consists of the phagocytic cells

Question 11

Inflammatory response

Answer 11

a biological response to cell injury caused by pathogens, irritants, or chronic health conditions.

Vascular response
-vasoconstriction, platlets, blod clot

Cellular response
>Neutrophils
>Monocytes
>Lymphocytes
.Eosinophils and basophils

Question 12

catarrhal

Answer 12

excessive discharge or buildup of mucus in the nose or throat, associated with inflammation of the mucous membrane.

type of exudate

Question 13

Heal Process: Repair: Primary intention

Answer 13

• wound margins are neatly approximated

* wound that’s closed with sutures/staples, minimal scarring

Question 14

Heal Process: Repair: Secondary intention

Answer 14

wound edges don’t approximate (not pulled together), ex in pressure injury or when tissue is removed. Healed by filling in with scar tissue. Increased risk of injection since its open

Question 15

Heal Process: Repair: Tertiary intention

Answer 15

• healing that occurs with wounds being open for several days then later approximated. Does when wound is contaminated/inflammed
• The wound is later closed surgically after the problem is controlled or resolved. Healing by tertiary intention usually results in a larger and deeper scar than does healing by primary or secondary intention.

Question 16

Heal Process: Regeneration

Answer 16

• replacement of lost cells and tissues with cells of the same type
• depends on the cell type

Labile cells– divide constantly (skin bone marrow, mucous membranes, lymphoid organs)

Stable cells – retain their ability to regenerate but only if the organ is injured (pancreas, liver, kidney, bone cells)

Permanent cells– no regeneration (neurons, cardiac muscle cells

Question 17

Wound classification

Answer 17

• Cause (surgical/nonsurgical; acute/chronic)
• Duration (acute or chronic)
• Level of contamination
• Depth of tissue (superficial; partial thickness; full thickness)

Question 18

Pressure Injuries

Answer 18

amount of pressure needed to close capillary, especially susceptibility if reduce sensation and can’t shift to offload pressure, tissue death may occur

Question 19

Staging of Pressure Injuries

Answer 19

Suspected deep tissue injury
Discoloured intact skin

Stage 1
Intact skin with nonblanchable redness

Stage 2
Partial thickness loss of skin with exposed dermis

Stage 3
Full-thickness tissue loss with visible fat, rolled wound edges

Stage 4
Full-thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, muscle, or tendon

Unstageable
Full-thickness tissue loss, in which the base of the ulcer is covered by slough or eschar in the wound bed

Question 20

Granulated tissue

Answer 20

red/moist shows that it’s healing

Question 21

Slough

Answer 21

stringly and yellow/white, attached to wound bed needs to be removed

Question 22

Gangrene

Answer 22

Necrosis of an appendage (usually the limbs)

Question 23

Fibrinous

Answer 23

type of exudate

excessive amounts of fibrin coating of tissue surfaces may cause tissues to adhere

Question 24

Evisceration

Answer 24

occurs when wound edges separate to the extent that intestines protrude through the wound.

Question 25

Dehiscence

Answer 25

is the separation and disruption of previously joined wound edges. It usually occurs when a primary healing site bursts open

Question 26

hypertrophic scar

Answer 26

is inappropriately large, red, raised, and hard

Question 27

keloid

Answer 27

is a protrusion of scar tissue that extends beyond the wound edges and may form tumour-like masses of scar tissue

Question 28

RICE

Answer 28

Rest, ice(and heat), compression (and Immobalization), and elevation

(RICE) constitute a key concept in the treatment of soft tissue injuries and related inflammation