T. Arthritis

Question 1

Arthritis

Answer 1

Joint Inflammation

Question 2

Osteoarthritis

Answer 2

protective cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones wears down over time

• OA results from cartilage damage that triggers a metabolic response at level of chondrocytes
• Cartilage becomes less elastic and less able to resist wear.
• The body cannot repair cartilage because of ongoing destruction.
• Continued changes in collagen structure of cartilage lead to fissuring and erosion of articular surfaces.

Question 3

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 3

• Chronic, systemic autoimmune disease
• your immune system mistakenly attacks your own body’s tissues.
• Unlike the wear-and-tear damage of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis affects the lining of your joints, causing a painful swelling that can eventually result in bone erosion and joint deformity.
• affects small joints first

Question 4

Gout

Answer 4

Characterized by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in one or more joints

Question 5

3 Extra-articular manifestations of RA

Answer 5

Rheumatoid nodules
Sjögren’s syndrome
Felty’s syndrome

Question 6

Nodular myositis

Answer 6

a rare variant of polymyositis (a disease that causes muscles to become irritated and inflamed) beginning with inflammatory nodules within muscles

Question 7

DMARD’S

Answer 7

• Disease Modifying Antirheumatic drugs

* Lessen the permanent effects of RA (joint erosion and deformity).

Question 8

Monocloneal antibodies

Answer 8

Monoclonal antibodies are laboratory-produced molecules engineered to serve as substitute antibodies that can restore, enhance, modify or mimic the immune system’s attack on cells that aren’t wanted, such as cancer cells.

Question 9

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs),

Answer 9

pain relievers. They also help reduce inflammation and lower fevers. They prevent blood from clotting, which is good in some cases but not so beneficial in others.

Question 10

Keratoconjunctivitis

Answer 10

inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva.

Question 11

Primary gout

Answer 11

A hereditary error of purine metabolism leads to the overproduction or retention of uric acid.

Question 12

tophi

Answer 12

a deposit of monosodium urate crystals, in people with longstanding high levels of uric acid in the blood, a condition known as hyperuricemia

Question 13

Lyme Disease

Answer 13

spirochetal infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted by the bite of an infected deer tick

Question 14

erythema migrans

Answer 14

• a rash that frequently appears as one of the first symptoms of Lyme disease
• skin lesion that occurs at the site of the tick bite within 2–30 days after exposure.

Question 15

Septic Arthritis

Answer 15

• An invasion of the joint cavity with microorganisms
• The infection usually reaches the joints through the bloodstream. In some cases, joints may become infected due to an injection, surgery, or injury.

Question 16

Spondyloarthropathies

Answer 16

• A group of interrelated multisystem inflammatory disorders that affect the spine, the peripheral joints, and periarticular structures
• referred to as seronegative arthropathies

Question 17

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Answer 17

• A chronic inflammatory disease that affects primarily the axial skeleton
• an inflammatory disease that, over time, can cause some of the bones in the spine (vertebrae) to fuse
• Aseptic synovial inflammation in the joints and adjacent tissue causes the formation of granulation tissue (pannus) and the development of dense fibrous scars that lead to fusion of articular tissues
ª genetic predusposition

Question 18

Uveitis

Answer 18

intraocular inflammation