T. II Peripheral Nerve and Spinal Cord Flashcards
1
Q
Flexion-rotation injury of the
cervical spine
A
often results in tearing of ligamentous structures that normally stabilize the spine.
2
Q
Central Cord Syndrome
A
- an incomplete traumatic injury to the cervical spinal cord
- Damage to central spinal cord
- Occurs most commonly in cervical cord region
- Motor weakness and sensory loss are present in both upper and lower extremities.
3
Q
Anterior Cord Syndrome
A
- incomplete cord syndrome that predominantly affects the anterior 2/3 of the spinal cord
- Caused by damage to anterior spinal artery
- Results in compromised blood flow to anterior spinal cord
- Typically results from injury causing acute compression of anterior portion of spinal cord
- Often a flexion injury
4
Q
Brown-Séquard Syndrome
A
- Result of damage to one-half of spinal cord
- loss of motor function (i.e. hemiparaplegia), loss of vibration sense and fine touch, loss of proprioception (position sense), loss of two-point discrimination, and signs of weakness on the ipsilateral (same side) of the spinal injury.
- Characterized by loss of motor function and position and vibration sense
- Vasomotor paralysis on the same side (ipsilateral) as lesion
5
Q
Posterior Cord Syndrome
A
- rare type of incomplete spinal cord injury that affects the dorsal columns of the spinal cord
- Results from compression or damage to posterior spinal artery
- Very rare condition
- Usually dorsal columns are damaged.
- Results in loss of proprioception
- Pain, temperature sensation, and motor function below level of lesion remain intact
6
Q
Conus Medullaris Syndrome
A
- type of incomplete spinal cord injury that is less likely to cause paralysis than many other types of spinal cord injuries
- Result from damage to very lowest portion of spinal cord (conus)
- produces flaccid paralysis of lower limbs and bladder and bowel dysfunction.
7
Q
Cauda Equina Syndrome
A
- something compresses on the spinal nerve roots.
- Result from damage to lumbar and sacral nerve roots (cauda equina)
- produces flaccid paralysis of lower limbs and bladder and bowel dysfunction.
8
Q
sequelae
A
a condition which is the consequence of a previous disease or injury.
9
Q
Poikilothermism
A
the quality or state of being cold-blooded
Occurs in spinal cord injuries because sympathetic nervous system interruption prevents peripheral temperature sensations from reaching hypothalamus
10
Q
Nonoperative Stabilization
A
- Focused on stabilization of injured spinal segment and decompression
- Through traction or realignment
- Eliminates damaging motion at injury site
- Intended to prevent secondary damage
11
Q
Immobilization
A
- Proper immobilization involves maintenance of a neutral position.
- Stabilize neck to prevent lateral rotation of cervical spine.
- Turn client so that he or she is moved as a unit to prevent movement of spine (log rolling).
12
Q
Skeletal traction
A
- Realignment or reduction of injury
- Provided by rope over a pulley that has weights attached at end
- Traction must be maintained at all times.
13
Q
Autonomic Dysreflexia
A
- happen if you’ve injured your spinal cord in your upper back.
- Massive uncompensated cardiovascular reaction mediated by sympathetic nervous system
- Occurs in response to visceral stimulation
- makes your blood pressure dangerously high and, coupled with very low heartbeats, can lead to a stroke, seizure, or cardiac arrest.
- Life-threatening
- Most common precipitating factor is distended bladder or rectum.
14
Q
Piloerection
A
erection of body hair
15
Q
Neurogenic Bladder
A
- Any type of bladder dysfunction related to abnormal or absent bladder innervation
- when a person lacks bladder control due to brain, spinal cord or nerve problem
