T. Musculo-Skeletal Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery

Question 1

Sprains,

Answer 1

• Injury related to ligamentous stuctures surrounding the joint
• 1st degree, 2nd degree, 3rd degree
• Soft tissue injuries

Question 2

strains

Answer 2

• Excessive stretching of a muscle
• 1st degree, 2nd degree, 3rd degree
• Soft tissue injuries

Question 3

Subluxation

Answer 3

• Partial or incomplete displacement

* Soft tissue injuries

Question 4

Dislocation

Answer 4

• Severe injury of the ligamentous structures around a joint
• Complete displacement of the bone from its normal position.
• Soft tissue injuries

Question 5

Repetitive strain Injury (RSI)

Answer 5

• A cumulative trauma disorder

* Results from prolonged force or repetitive movements and awkward postures

Question 6

CARPAL TUNNEL Syndrome

Answer 6

• Caused by compression of the median nerve.
• Most common compression neuropathy in the upper extremity,
• Weakness, burning sensation (causalgia), numbness, tingling
• Positive Tinel and Phalen sign.

Question 7

Rotator cuff injury

Answer 7

• Rotator cuff – 4 muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis muscle)
• Tear in the rotator cuff in one of the 4 muscles.
• Shoulder weakness, pain and decreased ROM
• Increased pain when the arm is abducted 60 – 120 degrees.

Question 8

Meniscus Injury

Answer 8

• Menisci are crescent-shaped pieces of fibrocartilage in the knee.
• Associate with ligament strain.
• A torn meniscus exhibits, localized tenderness, pain, and effusion

Question 9

Anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL)

Answer 9

• An intact ACL requires conservative treatment such as rest, ice, NSAIDS and elevation, ambulation is usually as tolerated.
• A torn ACL may require reconstructive surgery where the torn ACL tissue is replaced with autologous or allograft tissue.

Question 10

BURSITIS

Answer 10

• Inflammation of the bursa

* Results from repetitive or excessive trauma or friction, gout rheumatoid arthritis or infection.

Question 11

Fractures

Answer 11

• Disruption or break in continuity of the structure of bone

* Majority of fractures from traumatic injuries

Question 12

Skin traction

Answer 12

• Used for short-term treatment until skeletal traction or surgery is possible
• Tape, boots, or splints applied directly to skin to maintain alignment, assist in reduction, and help diminish muscle spasms in injured extremity

Question 13

Skeletal traction

Answer 13

• In place for longer periods
• Used to align injured bones and joints or to treat joint contractures and congenital hip dysplasia
• Provides a long-term pull that keeps injured bones and joints aligned

Question 14

Renal calculi

Answer 14

• Can develop as a result of bone demineralization

* Kidney stones, or renal calculi, are solid masses made of crystals.

Question 15

Compartment Syndrome

Answer 15

• painful condition that occurs when pressure within the muscles builds to dangerous levels.
• This pressure can decrease blood flow, which prevents nourishment and oxygen from reaching nerve and muscle cells
• Causes capillary perfusion to be reduced below the level necessary for tissue viability

Question 16

Decreased compartment size

Answer 16

Resulting from restrictive dressing, splints, casts, excessive traction, or premature closure of fascia

Question 17

Increased compartment size

Answer 17

Related to bleeding, edema, chemical response to snakebite, or IV filtration

Question 18

Fat Embolism Syndrome (FES)

Answer 18

• a piece of intravascular fat that lodges within a blood vessel and causes a blockage of blood flow.
• a rare syndrome that, when severe, is associated with respiratory failure, neurocognitive deficit, and death

Question 19

AMPUTATION

Answer 19

• Related to PVD, atherosclerosis, vascular changes r/t diabetes mellitus,
• 50% are of lower limbs related to diabtes.
• The goal of amputation surgery is to preserve extremity length and function while removing all infected, pathological, or ischemic tissue.