T Flashcards
A presentation of data in the form of an ordered arrangement of overlaid vertical columns and horizontal rows
- As with a graph, the purpose of this is to communicate information (either in words or numerical values) in a concise, space efficient manner that can be assessed at a glance and interpreted easily
- The columns have headings (the leftmost column is referred to as the stub column)
- The intersection of a column and row is called a cell
- These are often accompanied by explanatory notes
Table
A religious, moral, or social convention prohibiting a particular behavior, object, or person
Taboo
Knowledge that is informally acquired rather than explicitly taught (eg; knowledge of social rules) and allows a person to succeed in certain environments and pursuits
- It is stored without self reflective awareness and therefore not easily articulated
- Practical intelligence requires a facility for acquiring this
Tacit Knowledge
Loss or impairment of the ability to recognize and understand the nature of objects through touch
- Several distinct subtypes have been identified, including amorphagnosia, impaired recognition of the size and shape of objects; ahylognosia, impaired recognition of such object qualities as weight and texture; and finger agnosia, impaired recognition of one’s own or another person’s fingers
Tactile Agnosia
A false perception involving the sense of touch
- These sensations occur in the absence of any external stimulus and may include itching, feeling electric shocks, and feeling insects biting or crawling under the skin
Tactile Hallucination
The ability to perceive objects or judge sensations through the sense of touch
- The term often refers to judgements of spatial stimulation of the skin and patterns imposed on the skin
- This may also involve judging sensory events involving stimulation of the skin, for example, the thermal properties of a liquid
Tactile Perception
An innate skin or ability, or an aptitude to excel in one or more specific activities or subject areas, that cannot be accounted for by normal development patterns
Talent
A gradual reduction in the dose of a drug in order to avoid undesirable effects that may occur with rapid cessation
- Such effects may be extreme (eg; conversions) or relatively mild (eg; head pain, mild gastrointestinal distress)
- Drugs that produce physiological dependence (eg; opiates, benzodiazepines) must be tapered to prevent a withdrawal symptom
Tapering
The 1976 California supreme court decision in Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California, which placed limits on a client’s right to confidentiality by ruling that mental health practitioners who know or reasonably believe that a client poses a threat to another person are obligated to protect the potential victim from danger
- Depending on the circumstances, that protection may involve such actions as warning the potential victim, notifying the police of the potential threat posed by the client, or both
Tarasoff Decision
A movement disorder associated with the use of antipsychotics, particularly conventional antipsychotics that act primarily as dopamine receptor antagonists
- Symptoms include tremor and spasticity of muscle groups, especially those of the face
- Onset is insidious and may be masked by continued use of the antipsychotic, only appearing when the drug is discontinued or the dose lowered
- It is more common with prolonged use and no effective treatment is known
Tardive Dyskinesia
The breakdown of a complex task into component tasks to identify the different skills needed to correctly complete the task
- For example, in organizational settings, a job may be broken down into the skills, knowledge, and specific operations required
Task Analysis
The sense devoted to the detection of molecules dissolved in liquid (also called gustation), or the sensory experience resulting from perception of gustatory qualities (eg; sweetness, saltiness, sourness, bitterness)
- Dissolved molecules are delivered to these receptors - taste cells - on the tongue, soft palate, larynx, and pharynx
- This combines with smell, texture, and appearance to generate a sense of flavor
Taste
A goblet shaped structure, 30 x 50 um, about 6,000 of which occur in the human mouth
- Each one is a collection of about 50 taste cells arranged like sections of an orange
- At its apex is a taste pore through which each taste cell sends a slender, hairlike extention (microvillus) studded with receptor proteins to sample the environment
Taste Bud
A receptor cell for gustatory stimuli
- Each has a slender, hairlike extension (microvillus) that protrudes from the opening in the taste bud
- Humans have about 300,000 of these, though the number can vary across individuals, and there are about 50 cells per taste bud
- These can be divided into four anatomical types: Type I cells comprise 60% of the total, Type II cells 20%, Type III cells 15%, and Type IV cells 5%
- All but Type IV cells may be involved in taste transduction
Taste Cell
The science of classification - for example the biological one that groups organisms into a hierarchical system of ranks in ascending order: species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, and kingdom) - or any scheme of classification itself
Taxonomy
A disorder due to a deficiency of the enzyme hexosaminidase A, resulting in the accumulation of Gm2 gangliosides in all tissues
- This process gradually destroys the brain and nerve cells by altering the shape of neurons
- Development is normal until the 6th month of infancy, after which there is a deterioration of motor, visual, and cognitive abilities
- Death usually occurs between 3 and 5 years of age
Tay-Sachs Disease (TSD)
A theoretical probability distribution that plays a central role in testing hypotheses about population means among other parameters
- It is the sampling distribution of the statistic (M - uo)/s, where uo is the population mean of the population from which the sample is drawn, M is the data estimate of the mean of the population, and s is the standard deviation of the batch of scores
T Distribution
Part of the organ of corti in the cochlea
- It consists of a semigelatinous membrane in which the stereocilia of the outer hair cells are embedded
Tectorial Membrane
The roof of the midbrain, dorsal to the cerebral aqueduct
- This contains the superior colliculi, which act as relay and reflex centers for the visual system, and the inferior colliculi, which are sensory centers for the auditory system
Tectum
The central core of the midbrain and pons
- It contains sensory and motor tracts passing through the midbrain, the subthalamic nucleus, and several other nuclei
Tegmentum
Condensed or abbreviated speech in which only the most central words, carrying the highest level of information, are spoken
- Nouns and verbs are typically featured, while adjectives, adverbs, articles, and connective parts of speech are omitted
- It is typical of children roughly between the ages of 18 and 30 months, usually in the form of two word expressions up to the age of about 24 months (two word stage) and short but multi word expressions (eg; dog eat bone) thereafter
Telegraphic Speech
The process of measuring and transmitting quantitative information to a remote location, where it can be recorded and interpreted
- For example, a small radio transmitter may be implanted inside an animal to measure general activity level as well as a variety of physiological variables, including body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure
- This transmitter sends signals to a receiver located outside the animal
Telemetry
The position that certain phenomena are best understood and explained in terms of their purposes rather than their causes
- In psychology, its proponents hold that mental processes are purposive, that is, directed toward a goal
- The view that behavior is to be explained in terms of ends and purposes is frequently contrasted with explanations in terms of causes, such as instincts and conditioned responses
Teleology
The alleged direct communication of information from one mind to another, in the absence of any known sensory means of transmission
- It is a form of extrasensory perception
Telepathy