E Flashcards
The organ of hearing and balance
- In humans and other mammals the ear is divided into external, middle, and inner sections
- The pinna of the external ear collects sounds that are then funneled through the external auditory meatus to the tympanic membrane
- The sounds are vibrations of air molecules that cause the tympanic membrane to vibrate, which in turn vibrates the ossicles, three tiny bones in the middle ear
- The motion of the last of these bones produces pressure waves in the fluid filled cochlea of the inner ear
- The motion of the fluid in the cochlea is converted by specialized receptors called hair cells into neural signals that are sent to the brain by the auditory nerve
Ear
A collection of specialized services provided to children from birth to 3 years of age with identified conditions placing them at risk of developmental disability or with evident signs of developmental delay
- Services are designed to minimize the impact of the infant’s or toddler’s condition, and in addition to stimulatory, social, therapeutic, and treatment programs may include family training, screening, assessment, or healthcare
Early Intervention
Any theory of attention proposing that selection of stimuli for in depth analysis occurs early in the processing stream, prior to stimulus identification
- According to this, unattended stimuli receive only a slight degree of processing that does not encompass meaning, whereas attended stimuli proceed through a significant degree of deep, meaningful analysis
Early Selection Theory
Any disorder characterized primarily by a pathological disturbance of attitudes and behaviors related to food, such as Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder
Eating Disorder
The retention of auditory information for a brief period (2 - 3 s) after the end of the stimulus
Echoic Memory
Mechanical repetition of words and phrases uttered by another individual
- It is often a symptom of a neurological or developmental disorder, particular catatonic schizophrenia or autism
Echolalia
The ability to judge the direction and distance of objects from reflected echoes made by acoustic signals
- For example, both bats and marine mammals (eg; dolphins) car locate objects by emitting high pitched sounds that are reflected from features of the physical environment and prey objects
Echolocation
Mechanical repetition of another person’s movements or gestures
-It is often a symptom of a neurological disorder, particularly catatonic schizophrenia
Echopraxia
A theoretical or practical approach that blends, or attempts to blend, diverse conceptual formulations or techniques into an integrated approach
Eclecticism
The function or position of an organism or a population within a physical and biological environment
Ecological Niche
An organism’s detection of the affordances and invariances within its natural, real world environment, as mediated and guided by the organism’s immersion in and movement through that environment
Ecological Perception
An evolving body of theory and research concerned with the processes and conditions that govern the course of human development in the actual environments in which human beings live
- Generally, this accords equal importance to the concept of environment as a context for development and to the role of biopsychological characteristics of the individual person
- The current paradigm is now referred to as the bioecological model
Ecological Systems Theory
The degree to which research results are representative of conditions in the wider world
- For example, psychological research carried out exclusively among university students might have a low ecological validity when applied to the population as a whole
Ecological Validity
The study of relationships between organisms and their physical and social environments
Ecology
The popular name for MDMA
Ecstasy
An excess accumulation of fluid in body cells, organs, or cavities
Edema
A branch of psychology dealing with the application of psychological principles and theories to a broad spectrum of teaching, training, and learning issues in educational settings
Educational Psychology
The magnitude of an effect (influence of independent variables) in a study
- It is often an indicator of the strength of a relationship, the magnitude of mean differences among several groups, or the like
Effect Size
Conducting or conveying away from a central point
- For example, efferent nerve fibers conduct impulses away from the brain or spinal cord
Efferent
Mental activity that requires deliberation and control and involves a sense of effort, or overcoming resistance
Effortful Processing
A phenomenon whereby people come to evaluate a particular task or activity more favorably when it involves something that is difficult or unpleasant
- Because expending effort to perform a useless or unenjoyable task, or experiencing unpleasant consequences in doing this, is cognitively inconsistent, people are assumed to shift their evaluations of the task in a positive direction to restore consistency
Effort Justification
- The self, particularly the conscious sense of self (Latin, “I”)
- In its popular and quasi technical sense, it refers to all the psychological phenomena and processes that are related to the self and that comprise the individual’s attitudes, values, and concerns - In psychoanalytic theory, the component of the personality that deals with the external world and its practical demands
- More specifically, it enables the individual to perceive, reason, solve problems, test reality, and adjust the instinctual impulses of the ID to the behests of the superego
Ego
Psychoanalytic techniques directed toward discovering the strengths and weaknesses of the ego and uncovering its defenses against unacceptable impulses
- This is a short form of psychoanalysis: it does not attempt to penetrate to the ultimate origin of impulses and repressions
Ego Analysis
Speech in which there is no attempt to exchange thoughts or take into account another person’s point of view
Egocentric Speech