C Flashcards
A central nervous system stimulant found in coffee, tea, cola, cocoa, chocolate, and certain prescribed and over the counter medications
- It’s effects include rapid breathing, increased pulse rate and blood pressure, and diminished fatigue
- Precise effects vary with the amount ingested and the tolerance of the individual
- Moderate doses produce an improved flow of thought and clearness of ideas, together with increased respiratory and vasomotor activity; large doses may make concentration or continued attention difficult and cause insomnia, headaches, and confusion in some individuals
Caffeine
Any of a class of drugs used in the treatment of hypertension and abnormal heart rhythms ( arrhythmias)
- Inhibit the flow of calcium ions into the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels and the cells of heart muscle, which need calcium to contract, thus inducing prolonged relaxation of the muscles
Calcium Channel Blocker
- The containment of variation of certain characters within narrow bounds so that expression of underlying genetic variation is repressed
- It is a developmental mechanism that maintains a constant phenotype over a range of different environments in which the organism might normally occur - The hypothetical process by which repeated use of a neural pathway leads to greater ease of transmission of impulses and hence its establishment as permanent
Canalization
Any one of a group of diseases characterized by the unregulated, abnormal growth of cells to form malignant tumors (neoplasm) which invade neighboring tissues
- Causes are numerous but commonly include viruses, environmental toxins, diet, and inherited genetic variations
- Generally classified as carcinomas if they involve the epithelium (eg; lungs, stomach, skin) and sarcomas if the affected tissues are connective (eg; bone, muscle, or fat)
Cancer
Any of a class of about 60 substances in the cannabis plant that includes those responsible for the psychoactive properties of the plant
- The most important is tetrahydrocannabinal
Cannabinoid
Any of three related plant species (sativa, indica, or ruderalis) whose dried flowering or fruiting tops of leaves are widely used as a recreational drug, known as marijuana
- When smoked, the principal psychoactive agent in these plants, delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is rapidly absorbed into the blood and almost immediately distributed to the brain, causing the rapid onset of subjective effects that last two to three hours
Cannabis
The theory that emotional states result from the influence of lower brain centers (the hypothalamus and thalamus) on higher ones (the cortex), rather then from sensory feedback to the brain produced by peripheral internal organs and voluntary musculature
- According to this theory, the thalamus controls the experience of emotion, and the hypothalamus controls the expression of emotion
[Proposed in the 1920s and early 1930s by Walter B. Cannon (1871 -1945) and Philip Bard (1898 - 1977), U.S. Psychologists]
Canon Bard Theory
A class of statistical analyses that assess the degree of relationship between two or more sets of measurements
- Examples are discriminant analysis and multiple regression analysis, among others
Canonical Analysis
The maximum ability of an individual to receive or retain information and hence his or her potential for intellectual or creative development or accomplishment
Capacity
Any substance that initiates the development of cancer (carcinogenesis) when exposed to living tissue
- Tobacco smoke, which induces lung cancer, is an example
Carcinogen
Any substance that initiates the development of cancer (carcinogenesis) when exposed to living tissue
- Tobacco smoke, which induces lung cancer, is an example
Carcinogen
The specialized muscle tissue of the heart
- It consists of striated fibers that branch and interlock and are in electrical continuity with each other
- This arrangement permits action potentials to spread rapidly from cell to cell, allowing large groups of cells to contract in unison
Cardiac Muscle
Relating to the heart and blood vessels or to blood circulation
- For example, cardiovascular reactivity is the degree of change in blood pressure, heart rate, and related responses to a psychological or physical challenge or stressor
Cardiovascular
Any disease, congenital or acquired, that affects the heart and blood vessels
- These include hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and coronary heart disease
Cardiovascular Disease
A person who attends to the needs of and provides assistance to someone else who is not fully independent, such as an infant or ill adult
Caregiver
The stress and other psychological symptoms experienced by family members and other nonprofessional caregivers in response to looking after individuals with mental or physical disabilities, disorders, or diseases
Caregiver Burden
An individual who has a mutation in a gene that conveys either increased susceptibility to a disease or other condition or the certainty that the condition will develop
Carrier
The effect on the current performance of a research participant of the experimental conditions that preceded the current conditions
Carryover Effect
The position taken by French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist René Descartes (1596 - 1650) that the world comprises two distinct and incompatible classes of substance:
1) Resextensa, or extended substance, which extends through space
2. Res Cogitans, or thinking substance, which has no extension in space
- The body (including the brain) is composed of extended and divisible substance, whereas the mind is not
Cartesian Dualism
A record of information relating to a person’s psychological or medical condition used as an aid to diagnosis and treatment
- It usually contains test results, interviews, professional evaluations, and sociological, occupational, and educational data
Case History
An in depth investigation of a single individual, family, or social unit
- Multiple types of data (psychological, physiological, biographical, environmental) are assembled in order to understand the subject’s background, relationships, and behavior
Case Study
Fear of injury to or loss of the genitals
- As posited by psychoanalytic theory, the various losses and deprivations experienced by the infant boy may give rise to the fear that he will also lose his pens
Castration Anxiety
In psychoanalytic theory, the whole combination of the child’s unconscious feelings und fantasies associated with being deprived of the phallus, which in boys means the loss of the penis and in girls the belief that it has already been removed
- It derives from the discovery that girls have no penis and is closely tied to the Oedipus complex
Castration Complex
A state of sustained unresponsiveness in which a fixed body posture or physical attitude is maintained over a long period of time
- It is seen in cases of catatonic schizophrenia, epilepsy, and other disorders
Catalepsy