A Flashcards
The simplest single case design, in which the dependent variable is measured throughout the pretreatment or baseline period (the A phase) and then again following the treatment period (the B phase).
-numerous variations of this basic design exist, such as the a-b-a design, a-b-a-b design, a-b-b b-a design, and a-b-bc-b design.
- the latter involves two treatment periods (the B phase and the C phase) and is intended to assess the effect of B both in combination with C and apart from C.
A-b design
The sixth cranial nerve, carrying motor fibers for control of the lateral rectus muscle of the eye, which rotates the eyeball outward
Abducens Nerve
- Any deviation, particularly a significant or undesirable one, from the normal or typical.
- In vision, the failure of light rays to converge at the some point, due either to distraction by a lens (spherical) or to the formation of colored fringes by a lens (chromatic)
Aberration
Existing competence or skill to perform a specific physical or mental act.
- Although this may be either innate or developed through experience, it is distinct from capacity to acquire competence
Ability
Any norm referenced standardized test designed to measure existing competence to perform a physical Er mental act
- the index of achievement or performance obtained, reporting the absolute or relative ability of the individual being evaluated, is called an ability level
Ability Test
The removal or destruction of part of a biological tissue or structure by a surgical procedure or a toxic substance, usually for treatment or to study its function.
- when the entire tissue or structure is excised, the process is called extirpation
Ablation
Relating to any deviation from what is considered typical, usual, or healthy, particularly if the deviation is considered harmful or maladaptive.
- In statistics, for example, these types of scores are those that are outside the usual or expected range.
- The term, however, most often applied to behavior that differs from a culturally accepted norm, especially when indicative of a mental disorder
Abnormal
The branch of psychology devoted to the study, prevention, assessment,and treatment of maladaptive behavior
Abnormal Psychology
The expulsion from the uterus of an embryo or fetus before it is able to survive independently
- May be either spontaneous, in which case it occurs naturally and is called a miscarriage, or induced, in which case it is produced deliberately by artificial meanssuch as drugs or surgery and done for therapeutic reasons or as an elective decision.
-the practice is controversial and may involve counseling,the provision of guidance, advice, information and support onissues concerning termination of pregnancy and the alternatives of adoption or raising the child
Abortion
The tendency of a person to hold overly favorable views of his or her intellectual and social abilities
-Appears to be common and consistent across a variety of judgement domains and occurs because people fail to take into account other people’s abilities and instead rely on their own abilities when they evaluate themselves relative to others
Above Average Effect
- the therapeutic process. Of bringing forgotten or inhibited material (experiences, memories) from the unconscious into consciousness, with concurrent emotional release and discharge of tension and anxiety
A Reaction
The horizontal coordinate in a graph or data plot; that is, the x axis
Abscissa
A type of generalized seizure, formerly called petit mal seizure, in which the individual abruptly ceased activity and cannot afterward remember the event
- The absences usually last from 5 to 15 seconds, during which the individual is unresponsive and motionless, staring blankly
- Seizures of this type typically begin between the ages of 4 and 12 and rarely persist into adulthood
Absence seizure
The lowest or weakest level of stimulation (the sightest,most in distinct sound) that can be detected consistently and accurately en 50% of trials
- although the name suggests a fixed level at which stimuli effectively elicit sensations, it fluctuates according to alterations in receptors and environmental condtions
Absolute Threshold
The numerical value of a figure disregarding its algebraic sign
- for example, the answer of this for -1 is 1
Absolute value
The philosophical position that there are absolute ethical, aesthetic, or epistemological values
- phenomena are believed to have a fixed reality; thus, what is regarded as true in one circumstance will be regarded as true in an others as well
- for example. A particular action will always be deemed immoral regardless of its outcome or any other individual or subjective consideration
- such a position involves a rejection (in whole or in part) of relativism
Absolutism
The act of refraining from the use of something, particularly avoid or drugs, or from participation in sexual or other activity
- In most instances, refraining from drugs or alcohol is the primary goal of substance abuse treatment
Abstinence
- The formation of general ideas or concepts by extracting similarities from particular instances.
- the precise cognitive processes by which this occurs remain a subject of investigation - Such a concept, especially a wholly intangible one, such as “goodness” or “truth”
Abstraction
- Interactions in which one person behaves in a cruel, violent, demeaning, or invasive manner toward another person or an animal
- The term most commonly implies physical mistreatmeant but also encompasses sexual and psychological (emotional) mistreatment - See substance abuse
Abuse
Loss of the ability to perform simple arithmetic operations that results from brain in jury or disease, usually to the parietal lobe
-It is an acquired condition, whereas dyscalculia is developmental
Acalculia
- An increase in speed of movement or rate of change
-In psychology, the focus is on the range of forces sustained by the human body when it is Ina moving vehicle, such as an automobile or aircraft, and the resultant physical, physiological. And psychological consequences (disturbances of heart rhythm and blood pressure, disorientation and confusion, and loss of consciousness)
Acceleration
Phonetic features of an individual’s speech that are associated with geographical region or social class
- The standard version of a language is usually considered by native speakers to be unaccented
Accent
In significance testing, the range of values for a test statistic that leads to acceptance of the null hypothesis over the alternative hypothesis
Acceptance Region
- In social psychology and psychotherapy, receptive or responsive to personal interaction and other external stimuli.
- A client in psychotherapy is thought to be this if he or she responds to the therapist in a way that facilitates the development or rapport and, ultimately, fosters the examination of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral issues - Retrievable through memory or other cognitive processes, as in attitude accessibility for example
Accessible