J Flashcards
The theory that different feeling states stem from the feedback from the viscera and voluntary musculature to the brain: that is, the physiological response precedes rather than following the feeling [William James (1842 - 1910), U.S. psychologist and philosopher; Carl Georg Lange (1834 - 1900), Danish physiologist]
James Lange Theory
The specialized words and forms of language used within a particular profession or field of activity
- Although this is often unavoidable in dealing with technical or specialist subjects, inappropriate or unnecessary use can alienate outsiders, who find it unintelligible
Jargon
A negative emotion in which an individual resents a third party for appearing to take away the affections of a loved one
- This requires a triangle of social relationships between three individuals: the one who is jealous, the partner with whom the jealous individual has or desires a relationship, and the rival who represents a preemptive threat to that relationship
- Romantic relationships are the prototypic source of jealousy, but any significant relationship (with parents, friends, and so on) is capable of producing it
- It differs from envy in that three people are always involved
Jealousy
A maladjustment of circadian rhythms that results from traveling through several global time zones within a short span of time
- Rest, work, eating, body temperature, and adrenocortical secretion cycles may require several days to adjust to local time
Jet Lag
A team learning technique used to foster a cooperative learning environment that reduces prejudice and social isolation and improves academic achievement
- Students work in groups on a content unit
- The teacher assigns specific topics in the unit to each group member and allows students with the same topics to leave their group to study the topic with others who have that same assignment
- The students then return to their original groups and teach their topics to the other members
Jigsaw Classroom
The collection and study of information about the behaviors, tools, working conditions, skills, and other characteristics of a specific job
- This is the first step in developing effective personnel selection, employee evaluation, job evaluation, and personnel training programs
Job Analysis
The attitude of a worker toward his or her job, often expressed as a hedonic response of liking or disliking the work itself, the rewards (pay, promotions, recognition), or the context (working conditions, colleagues)
Job Satisfaction
Attention overtly focused by two or more people on the same object, person, or action at the same time, with each being aware of the other’s interest
- This is an important developmental tool; by focusing attention on an object as well as on the adult’s reaction to it, children can learn about the world
- This technique is also used in primate studies
Joint Attention
A feeling of extreme gladness, delight, or exultation of the spirit arising from a sense of well being or satisfaction
- This promotes confidence and an increase in energy, which in turn tend to promote positive feelings about the self
Joy
The need to believe that the environment is a just and orderly place where what happens to people generally is what they deserve
- This belief in a just world enables an individual to confront his or her physical and social environment as though they were stable and orderly but may, for example, result in the belief that the innocent victim of an accident must somehow be responsible for, or deserve it
Just World Hypothesis
Illegal behavior by a minor (usually identified as a person under age 18) that would be considered criminal in an adult
- Examples are vandalism, theft, rape, arson, and aggravated assault
Juvenile Delinquency
