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Neuroscience > Sz > Flashcards

Sz Flashcards

1
Q

Schizophrenia symptoms can be divided into

A

Positive

Negative

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2
Q

Positive schizophrenia symptoms represent

A

An excess of normal function

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3
Q

Delusions, hallucinations, inappropriate affect are all examples of

A

Positive symptoms

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4
Q

Negative schizophrenia symptoms represent

A

A loss of normal function

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5
Q

What is affective flattening?

A

Reduction/absence of emotional expression

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6
Q

schizophrenia means

A

Splitting of psychic functions

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7
Q

How much of the population does schizophrenia affect?

A

1%

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8
Q

What is the schizophrenia concordance rate for Mz twins?

A

45%

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9
Q

What is the schizophrenia concordance rate for Dz twins?

A

10%

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10
Q

< 100% concordance rates indicate…

A

There must be other factors playing a role

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11
Q

3 environmental factors that could trigger schizophrenia?

A
  1. Infections
  2. Autoimmune reactions
  3. Stress
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12
Q

What is the current view on how schizophrenia develops?

A

People inherit a potential

May or may not be triggered

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13
Q

What genes cause schizophrenia?

A

No single gene

They act in combination

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14
Q

Bullying is a risk factor for Sz. This may be mediated by

A

Severity

Frequency

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15
Q

Dopamine is packaged into

A

Vesicles

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16
Q

L-Dopa –>

A

Dopamine

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17
Q

Chlorpromazine

Is an agonist/antagonist

A

Antagonist

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18
Q

What does Chlorpromazine do?

A

Binds + blocks post-synaptic dopamine receptors

Stops the dopamine working

19
Q

How does Chlorpromazine stop the dopamine working?

A

It can’t get to the post-synaptic receptors

20
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

A drug that binds to a receptor but has no effect (blocks it)

21
Q

How does reserpine work?

A

Depletes the dopaminergic vesicles

22
Q

Why is reserpine no longer used in Sz treatment?

A

Dangerous blood pressure decline

23
Q

2 similarities between Chlorpromazine and Reserpine?

A
  1. Both take 2/3 weeks to work

2. PD-like symptoms start to emerge

24
Q

After using Chlorpromazine or Reserpine, PD-like symptoms began to emerge. This suggested that

A

Drugs/Parkinson’s were acting through the same mechanism

25
Q

How are Reserpine and Chlorpromazine different?

A

Reserpine depletes vesicles

Cz is a receptor blocker

26
Q

Is Sz a result of generally high dopamine or high dopamine at receptors?

A

High dopamine at receptors

27
Q

Chlorpromazine means DA is broken down in the…

A

Synapse

28
Q

Dopamine Theory

A

Sz is caused by too much dopamine

Therefore, anti-sz work by decreasing dopamine

29
Q

2 pieces of evidence for the DA hypothesis

A

Cocaine psychosis

Amphetamine psychosis

30
Q

Cocaine and Amphetamines both block….

A

Reuptake of DA

31
Q

Cocaine and amphetamines both block reuptake of DA, thus

A

Leaving more at the synapse

32
Q

Drugs that INCREASE dopamine neurotransmission can produce

A

Psychotic symptoms

33
Q

Drugs that DECREASE dopamine neurotransmission can

A

Reduce psychotic symptoms

34
Q

The efficacy of an anti-psychotic is correlated with…

A

Its ability to bind to DA receptors

35
Q

Haliperidol binds to…

A

D2, but not D1

36
Q

Cz and other drugs in the same class bind to…

A

Both D1 and D2 receptors

37
Q

Dopamine receptors are sometimes called

A

Metabotropic receptors

38
Q

Metabotropic receptors can do things inside the cell that

A

Produce long-term changes

39
Q

How is the D2 theory of Sz limited?

A

Some things that can’t be explained by this theory

40
Q

Clozapine has an affinity for which receptors…

A

D1, D4 and serotonin

41
Q

Which receptor does Clozapine only have a slight affinity for?

A

D2

42
Q

Clozapine is an antipsychotic with only a slight affinity for D2. What theory does this conflict?

A

D2 receptor theory

43
Q

There is a delay between taking Neuroleptics and seeing an effect. What does this suggest?

A

Blockage of D2 receptors is not the specific mechanism of the therapeutic effect

Neuroscience (20 decks)

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