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Neuroscience > Depression > Flashcards

Depression Flashcards

1
Q

Any disorder characterised by mood disturbances is called a

A

Mood disorder

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2
Q

4 subtypes of Depression

A

Reactive
Endogenous
Unipolar
Bipolar

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3
Q

What is anhedonia?

A

Inability to experience pleasure

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4
Q

What is reactive depression?

A

Triggered by an event

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5
Q

What is endogenous depression?

A

No apparent negative event

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6
Q

What is bipolar?

A

Depression with periods of mania (1% incidence)

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7
Q

Brown 1993

What % of depressed patients had experienced stress in the past year?

A

84%

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8
Q

Brown 1993

What % of control patients experienced stress in past year?

A

32%

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9
Q

Diathesis stress model

No risk factor genes + stress = ?

A

No depression

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10
Q

Diathesis stress model

Risk factor gene + no stress =

A

No depression

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11
Q

How were anti-depressants discovered?

A

Luck

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12
Q

4 classes of antidepressants?

A
  1. MAO
  2. Tricyclic
  3. SSRIs
  4. Mood stabilisers
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13
Q

MAO’s are…

A

Mono-amine oxidase inhibitors

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14
Q

Mono-amine oxidase inhibitors are…

A

Mono-amine agonists

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15
Q

Mono-amine agonists

A

Increase the levels of monoamines

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16
Q

How do Mono-amine oxidase inhibitors increase the levels of monoamines?

A

Inhibit MAO (enzyme that breaks down monoamine NTs)

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17
Q

Two examples of monoamines

A

Norepinephrine

Serotonin

18
Q

Famous side effect of monoamines?

A

Cheese effect

19
Q

Cheese effect

Foods containing Tyramine are broken down by MAO. When it is inhibited

A

Surge in blood pressure (risk of stroke)

20
Q

Which drug inhibits MAO production?

A

Mono amines

21
Q

Trycylic antidepressants block…

A

Reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine

22
Q

Trycyclic antidepressants/MAO inhibitors

Which is safer?

A

Tricyclic

23
Q

SSRI’s are

A

Serotonin agonists

24
Q

SSRI’s are serotonin agonists, which means

A

They block reuptake of serotonin from the synapse

25
Q

Somatic symptoms, e.g.

A

Insomnia/hypersomnia

26
Q

What is the depression concordance rate for MZ twins?

A

60%

27
Q

What is the concordance rate for DZ twins?

A

15%

28
Q

Success of SSRI’s spawned introduction of

A

SNRI’s

29
Q

Mood stabilisers, e.g.

A

Lithium

30
Q

Lithium counteracts both ______ and ______

A

Depression

Mania

31
Q

First drug to act as a mood stabiliser?

A

Lithium

32
Q

A major drawback of antidepressants is that they can trigger bouts of

A

Mania

33
Q

Antidepressants have a ____ efficacy rate

A

50%

34
Q

Anti-depressants tend to only work in the

A

Severely depressed

35
Q

The effectiveness of antidepressants drugs operates as a

A

Function of the severity of the disorder

36
Q

Brain pathology (2)

A

Reduction in overall brain size

Reduction in size of several structures

37
Q

3 structures that have been found to be abnormal in many structural and fMRI studies…

A

Amygdala
Medial prefrontal cortex
Hippocampus

38
Q

Theories of depression - main one

A

Depression is associated with under activity at serotonergic/noradrenergic synapses

Deficit of monoamine transmission

39
Q

The theory that depression = monoamine transmission deficit is based on the fact

A

Anti-depressants work, and they act on monoamines

40
Q

theory that depression = monoamine transmission deficit

Support for this comes from

A

Autopsy studies - S and NP receptors more numerous in brains of clinically decreased dead Ppl

41
Q

When an insufficient amount of a NT is released at a synapse, there are usually compensatory…

A

Increases in the number of receptors for that NT

Neuroscience (20 decks)

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