Memory 3

Question 1

LTP has been most frequently studied in

Answer 1

The rat hippocampus

Question 2

Hebb argued WHAT was the basis of long term memory?

Answer 2

Changes in efficiency of synaptic transmission

Question 3

Bliss + Lomo, 1973

A single, low-intensity pulse was delivered to

Answer 3

The performant path

Question 4

Bliss + Lomo, 1973

A single, low-intensity pulse was delivered to the performant path. How was the response recorded?

Answer 4

Extracellular electrode in hippocampus

Question 5

Bliss + Lomo, 1973

A single, low-intensity pulse was delivered to the performant path. What was the purpose of this initial stimulation?

Answer 5

To determine initial response baseline

Question 6

Bliss + Lomo, 1973

How was the LTP induced?

Answer 6

High-intensity, high-frequency stimulation (10 secs)

Question 7

Bliss + Lomo, 1973

What did the granule cell layer of the hippocampus show 1 week after LTP?

Answer 7

Synapses were still potentiated

Question 8

2 KEY properties of LTP (Hebb)

Answer 8

1. Last for a long time

2. Only develops if firing of pre-synaptic is followed by firing of post

Question 9

If the firing of a pre-synaptic cell is not followed by the firing of a post-synaptic cell, will LTP develop?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

Critical factor in LTP is the

Answer 10

Co-occurrence of pre and post synaptic cells

Question 11

LTP can be elicited by low levels of stimulation that

Answer 11

Mimic normal neural activity

Question 12

LTP effects are most prominent in structures

Answer 12

That have been implicated in learning

Question 13

Many drugs that influence learning and memory have

Answer 13

Parallel effects on LTP

Question 14

The induction of MAXIMAL LTP (rats) blocks…

Answer 14

Learning of Morris water maze

Question 15

Mutant mice that display little hippocampal LTP have difficulty…

Answer 15

Learning the morris water maze

Question 16

LTP is a three part process…

Answer 16

Induction
Maintenance
Expression

Question 17

The ____ receptor is prominent at the synapses at which LTP is commonly studied

Answer 17

NMDA

Question 18

NMDA is a receptor for

Answer 18

Glutamate

Question 19

What is the principle excitatory neurotransmitter?

Answer 19

Glutamate

Question 20

80% of synapses in the brain are

Answer 20

Glutamenergic

Question 21

TWO requirements for NMDA receptor response

Answer 21

1. Glutamate must bind

2. Post-synaptic neuron must be partially depolarised

Question 22

NMDA receptors

If the post-synaptic neurons are partially depolarised, their calcium channels

Answer 22

Will open wide when glutamate binds to their receptors

Question 23

Co-occurence of firing

When natural, low-intensity stimulation is applied, the post-synaptic neurons

Answer 23

Don’t fire

LTP isn’t induced

Question 24

A consistent finding has been that _______ inhibitors block the induction of LTP

Answer 24

Protein kinase inhibitors

Question 25

LTP only occurs on specific synapses. The mechanism that keeps events on one synapse from affecting others is the

Answer 25

Dendritic spines

Question 26

The maintenance and expression of LTP involve changes in both _____ and _______ neurons

Answer 26

Pre-synaptic

Post-synaptic

Question 27

AMPA and NMDA are activated after the binding

Answer 27

Of Glutamate

Question 28

NMDA has a high permeability for

Answer 28

Calcium

Question 29

The NMDA receptor is blocked by

Answer 29

Magnesium

Question 30

The NMDA receptor is blocked by magnesium, which prevents…

Answer 30

Ions from passing through the receptor

Question 31

Studying for longer periods is comparable to a larger amount of….

Answer 31

Glutamate being released + higher frequency AP’s

Question 32

LTP is the processing of ______ the connection between two _____

Answer 32

Strengthening

Neurons