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Neuroscience > Anatomy (L) > Flashcards

Anatomy (L) Flashcards

1
Q

Function is an _______ of signals in networks

A

Emergent property

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2
Q

Which aspects of our brain are incredibly well preserved?

A

Basic structure
Anatomy
Connectivity

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3
Q

Our brain has evolved mainly in terms of

A

Enlargement of certain structures

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4
Q

What functions do we still have present in our brain from distant ancestors?

A

Feeding/mating etc

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5
Q

If we’re experiencing pain, this means

A

It is undergoing some kind of tissue damage

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6
Q

The functional systems have evolved from (3)

A
  1. Pain –> spinal cord
  2. Threat –> SM midbrain
  3. Learned Threat –> Cortex + LS
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7
Q

The most sophisticated level of threat perception involves

A

Cortex/limbic system

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8
Q

Three planes

A

Sagittal
Coronal
Horizontal

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9
Q

What is the sagittal plane?

A

Divides brain into left/right

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10
Q

What is the coronal plane?

A

Divides brain into front/back

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11
Q

What is the horizontal plane?

A

Divides brain horizontally

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12
Q

Anterior is the ____ of the brain

A

Front

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13
Q

Posterior is the ____ of the brain

A

Back

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14
Q

Superior is the ____ of the brain

A

Top

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15
Q

Inferior is the _____ of the brain

A

Bottom

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16
Q

Central nervous system, aka

A

Brain + spinal cord

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17
Q

How many major regions of the spinal cord are there

A

4

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18
Q

Major subdivision

First subdivision (3)

A

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain

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19
Q

Major brain subdivision

Second subdivision (5 parts)

A 
Telencephalon 
Diencephalon 
Mesencephalon 
Metencephalon 
Myelencephalon
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20
Q

Hindbrain refers to the ____ of the brain

A

Back

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21
Q

Out of forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain, which is the oldest?

A

Hindbrain

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22
Q

The telencephalon and the diencephalon are found in the

A

Forebrain

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23
Q

Forebrain

The telencephalon is made up of the (3)

A

Cerebral cortex
Basal ganglia
Limbic system

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24
Q

Forebrain

The diencephalon is made up of the (2)

A

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

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25
Q

The thalamus and hypothalamus are found in the

A

Diencephalon, forebrain

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26
Q

Where are the tegmentum and tectum found?

A

Mesencephalon, midbrain

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27
Q

The metencephalon is found in the

A

Hindbrain

28
Q

The meTencephalon is made up of the (2)

A

Pons, cerebellum

29
Q

The myelencephalon is made up of the (1)

A

Medulla

30
Q

The meSencephalon is made up of the (2)

A

Tegmentum

Tectum

31
Q

Medulla

Involved in (2)

A

Low level SM control

Vital functions

32
Q

Medulla

Involved in vital functions e.g. (3)

A

Sleep, wakefulness, motor plant

33
Q

Medulla

Contains ______ of the reticular formation

A

Caudal part

34
Q

Medulla

Contains caudal part of the

A

Reticular formation

35
Q

Pons

A ______ from cortex and midbrain to cerebellum

A

Relay

36
Q

Pons

A relay from cortex and midbrain to

A

Cerebellum

37
Q

The pons is important in

A

Pontine reticular formation (walking patterns)

38
Q

The cerebellum is smaller than the brain, but contains

A

As many neurons as rest of CNS

39
Q

Cerebellum

“_____ errors”

A

Motor errors

40
Q

Cerebellum

To avoid motor errors, the cerebellum adjusts

A

Synaptic weights

41
Q

Cerebellum

__________ takes place during movement: motor learning

A

Online correction

42
Q

Tectum, also known as

A

Colliculi

43
Q

Tectum is subdivided into (2)

A

Superior colliculus

Inferior colliculus

44
Q

Superior colliculus is mainly involved in

A

Sensory input –> motor output/orienting to outside world

45
Q

Inferior colliculus receives ____ inputs

A

Auditory

46
Q

Tegmentum contains three COLOURFUL STRUCTURES

A

Periaqueductal gray
Red nucleus
Substantia nigra

47
Q

Out of the three tegmentum structures, which is the most important?

A

Substantia nigra

48
Q

Parkinson’s disease is associated with the

A

Substantia nigra

49
Q

Thalamus is made up of two nuclei types:

A

Specific nuclei

Non-specific nuclei

50
Q

Non-specific nuclei have a ______ role

A

Diffuse

51
Q

Specific nuclei relays signals to cortex/limbic system…

A

For all sensations but smell

52
Q

Non-specific nuclei have a role in regulating

A

Sleep/wakefulness/arousal

53
Q

Thalamus has IMPORTANT relays from ______ and ______ back to cortex

A

Basal ganglia

Cerebellum

54
Q

Hypothalamus regulates the _____ gland

A

Pituitary

55
Q

Hypothalamus regulates the _____ of human behaviour

A

4 F’s

56
Q

Hypothalamus plays a role in hormonal control of

A

Motivated behaviour

57
Q

Motivated behaviour, e.g.

A

Hunger, thirst, temperature

58
Q

Peripheral nervous system covers

A

Everything outside skull/spine

59
Q

Peripheral nervous system is divided into

A

Somatic nervous system

Autonomic nervous system

60
Q

Afferent nerves means

A

Affected by outside world

61
Q

Efferent nerves means

A

Has an EFFECT on the external environment

62
Q

Somatic and autonomic nervous system have _____ and ______ nerves

A

Afferent

Efferent

63
Q

The cortex is divided into 4 lobes

A

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

64
Q

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

The 4 different lobes of the

A

Cortex

65
Q

Largest portion of the brain

A

Cerebral cortex

66
Q

“Its major function is orienting the animal, particularly with eye movements, to objects of interest in the outside world.”

A

Superior colliculus

Neuroscience (20 decks)

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