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Neuroscience > Anatomy (T) > Flashcards

Anatomy (T) Flashcards

1
Q

Somatic Nervous System

Afferent nerves interact with… by…

A

External environment

Carrying signals from skin etc. to CNS

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2
Q

Somatic Nervous System

Efferent nerves carry….

A

Motor signals from CNS to skeletal muscles

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3
Q

The autonomic nervous system regulates

A

Body’s internal environment

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4
Q

Which out of the Somatic Nervous System and the Autonomic Nervous System interacts with organs?

A

Autonomic

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5
Q

“It’s afferent nerves carry sensory signals from internal organs to CNS”

A

Autonomic nervous system

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6
Q

Autonomic nervous system

It’s ______ nerves carry motor signals from CNS to internal organs

A

Efferent

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7
Q

Sympathetic nerves project from…

A

Lumbar/thoracic areas

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8
Q

Parasympathetic neurons project from…

A

CNS in brain/sacral

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9
Q

Parasympathetic neurons synapse near

A

Target organ

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10
Q

Parasympathetic nerves act to

A

Conserve energy (psychological relaxation)

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11
Q

What are cranial nerves?

A

12 pairs

Purely sensory nerves/sensory motor fibres

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12
Q

What are meninges?

A

3 protective membranes

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13
Q

Meninges (3)

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid membrane
Pia mater

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14
Q

Meninges

Which is the tough outer membrane?

A

Dura mater

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15
Q

Meninges

Which is the web-like membrane?

A

Arachnoid membrane

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16
Q

Meninges

Which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid?

A

Arachnoid membrane

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17
Q

Meninges

Which adheres to the surface of the CNS?

A

Pia mater

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18
Q

Function of cerebrospinal fluid?

A

Supports/cushions brain + spinal cord

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19
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid fills (3)

A

Subarachnoid space
Central canal of SC
Cerebral ventricles

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20
Q

Excesses cerebrospinal fluid is absorbed from…into…

A

Subarachnoid space into Dural Sinuses

21
Q

What does the blood-brain barrier do?

A

Impedes passage of large molecules from blood to brain

Stops toxic substances

22
Q

What is the blood-brain barrier made up of?

A

Cells of blood vessel walls tightly packed

23
Q

The degree to which drugs influence brain activity depends on…

A

How easily they pass blood-brain barrier

24
Q

External make up of a neuron (5)

A 
Cell membrane 
Dendrites
Axon 
Nodes of Ranvier 
Synapse
25
Q

Nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm, ribosomes etc all make up the

A

Internal structure of a neuron

26
Q

The neuron cell membrane is composed of

A

Lipid bilayer

27
Q

What is a multipolar neuron?

A

Neuron with more than 2 processes

28
Q

What is a bipolar neuron?

A

Neuron with 2 processes extending from cell body

29
Q

An interneuron is

A

A neuron with short or no axons

30
Q

What are the clusters of cell bodies and bundles of axons known as, in the CNS?

A

Nuclei

Tract

31
Q

In the PNS what are the clusters of cell bodies and bundles of axons known as?

A

Ganglia and nerves

32
Q

Where are Schwann cells found?

A

PNS

33
Q

Schwann cells guide..

A

Axonal regeneration

34
Q

What is white matter made of?

A

Myelinated axons

35
Q

Medulla is composed largely of

A

Tracts carrying signals between body/rest of brain

36
Q

What is the reticular formation?

A

Complex network of c.100 tiny nuclei

37
Q

Metencephalon contains ____ or _____ tracts

A

Ascending

Descending

38
Q

Pons is a _____ on the brain stem’s ventral surface

A

Bulge

39
Q

Thalamus is a ___ lobed structure

A

2

40
Q

Thalamus is a 2 _____ structure

A

Lobed

41
Q

Optic chiasm and maxillary bodies are located in

A

The hypothalamus

42
Q

The telencephalon mediates the brain’s most

A

Complex functions (i.e. voluntary movement, cognitive processes)

43
Q

The 4 lobes of the cortex are connected by

A

Central and lateral fissures

44
Q

What is the main assumed function of the occipital lobe?

A

Analysis of visual input

45
Q

Main function of parietal lobe?

A

Analysis of bodily sensations, e.g. touch

46
Q

Main functions of the temporal lobes? (3)

A

Hearing/language
Visual pattern perception
Memory

47
Q

Main functions of the frontal lobe? (2)

A

Motor

Complex cog. functions

48
Q

The limbic system is for

A

Motivated behaviours (4 F’s)

49
Q

The basal ganglia is responsible for…

A

Voluntary motor response

Neuroscience (20 decks)

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