Parkinson's Flashcards

1
Q

Affects ___ of the population

A

0.5%

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2
Q

Is Parkinson’s more common in men or women?

A

Men (2.5x)

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3
Q

Parkinson’s is idiopathic. What does this mean?

A

Each case has its own origin - no single cause

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4
Q

Bradykinesia refers to

A

Very slow movement

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5
Q

3 symptoms of Parkinson’s?

A

Tremor
Rigidity
Lack of movement

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6
Q

Widespread degeneration, particularly severe in the…

A

Substantia nigra

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7
Q

Substantia nigra

Neurons project

A

Via the nigrostriatal pathway to the striatum of the basal ganglia

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8
Q

There is little _____ in the SN and striatum of PD patients

A

Dopamine

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9
Q

There is little dopamine in the ______ and ______ of PD patients

A

Substantia nigra

Striatum

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10
Q

___ of the brains dopamine is found in the basal ganglia

A

80%

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11
Q

Frozen Addicts case study

What was a byproduct of the synthetic heroin?

A

MPTP

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12
Q

Frozen Addicts case study

MPTP was converted to

A

MPP+ (damaging free radical)

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13
Q

Frozen Addicts case study

MPTP was specifically targeting the….

A

Dopamine producing cells of the SN

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14
Q

MPTP had NO effect on

A

Rats, cats, dogs

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15
Q

Aside from humans, who did MPTP affect?

A

Non-human primates

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16
Q

MPTP had the same devastating effects on primates as it did humans. This lead to the development of

A

Nonhuman primate model

17
Q

In primates, MPTP had the same effects it did humans (2)

A

Cell loss in SN

Major reduction in DA

18
Q

Basal ganglia receives excitatory input from

A

Many areas of cortex

19
Q

Basal ganglia output is mainly

A

Inhibitory (GABA)

20
Q

Excessive output from _____ causes PD symptoms

A

Internal pallidal segment

21
Q

If the ______ is lesioned, PD symptoms reduce/disappear

A

Internal pallidal segment

22
Q

What are L-Dopa injections

A

Dopamine precursor to replace lost dopamine

23
Q

Are L-Dopa injections effective?

A

Less effective with continued use

24
Q

Cannabis is a

A

Dopamine agonist

25
Q

To treat PD, the lost dopamine could be replaced.

2

A

L-Dopa

Dopamine agonists

26
Q

How can PD be cured via surgical intervention? (2)

A
  1. Lesion

2. Deep brain stimulation

27
Q

How can PD be cured via transplant?

A

Transplanting appropriate metal tissue into the site

28
Q

Deep brain stimulation cure for PD?

A

Stimulation of nucleus beneath thalamus and connected to basal ganglia: sub thalamic nucleus

29
Q

Main assumed cause?

A

Severe degeneration in SN
Dopamine usually released in SN
Low in PD patients

30
Q

What is the genetic basis for Parkinson’s?

A

Around 10 gene mutations linked (ONLY IN RARE EARLY ONSET TYPE)