Memory 1 (L)

Question 1

One way of establishing which brain regions are involved in which aspects of functioning?

Answer 1

Brain lesions

Question 2

HM - what was removed?

Answer 2

All of medial temporal lobe

Question 3

HM

Temporal lobe consists of (3)

Answer 3

Amygdala
Hippocampus
Overlying cortex

Question 4

HM

Temporal lobectomy resulted in

Answer 4

Anterograde amnesia

Question 5

What is anterograde amnesia?

Answer 5

Can’t form new memories

Question 6

What is retrograde amnesia?

Answer 6

Disruption to memories BEFORE brain trauma

Question 7

How was HM’s memory initially assessed?

Answer 7

Digit span + 1 test

Question 8

HM: Digit span test

How many digits was HM stuck on?

Answer 8

6 digits

Question 9

Is HMs amnesia modality specific? Why?

Answer 9

No

Performance still impaired in other modalities

Question 10

Which tasks did HM get better at?

Answer 10

Implicit memory tasks (e.g. drawing tasks)

Question 11

HM Conclusion

HM’s problem was memory

Answer 11

Consolidation

Question 12

HM

Couldn’t transfer ___ to ____

Answer 12

STM to LTM

Question 13

HM

Couldn’t consolidate new LTM memories, but only for

Answer 13

Explicit memories

Question 14

Explicit memory - can be divided into (2)

Answer 14

Semantic

Episodic

Question 15

Most medial temporal lobe amnesia is mainly

Answer 15

Episodic

Question 16

Which type of memories could HM retrieve?

Answer 16

Implicit/unconscious

Question 17

Classic conditioning is an example of

Answer 17

Implicit memory task

Question 18

RB

Where was the damage?

Answer 18

Pyramidal cell layer of CA1 (hippocampus)

Question 19

RB

The damage resulted in

Answer 19

Anterograde amnesia

Question 20

RB

The case demonstrated that

Answer 20

Even small damage can lead to memory loss

Question 21

Case of NA

What type (region) of amnesia did he have?

Answer 21

Medial diencephalic amnesia

Question 22

Korsakoff’s Syndrome is caused by

Answer 22

Too much alcohol (B1 deficiency)

Question 23

Which brain structure does Korkasoff’s Syndrome damage?

Answer 23

Mediadorsal nuclei (thalamus)

Question 24

Two cases of medial diencephalic amnesia?

Answer 24

NA

Korkasoff’s Syndrome

Question 25

What is the main symptom of medial diencephalic amnesia?

Answer 25

Episodic memory loss is main symptom

Question 26

Medial diencephalic amnesia - what happens as the disease progresses?

Answer 26

Retrograde loss

Question 27

HM was stuck on 6 in the digit span task. This shows

Answer 27

He was only using his STM