System Planning Flashcards
Designed by individuals working in the field of artificial intelligence.
Expert systems
Advantages of expert systems
Consistency in decision making
A central knowledge depository
Ability to review answers and generate reports
Given a set input, the returned answer is always the same
consistency in decision making
Manages larger database of information than most human experts.
A central knowledge depository
Allows decision makers unfettered access to information they need at any given time.
Ability to review answers and generate reports
Disadvantages of Expert systems
Software lacks “common sense”
The logic is “locked down”
Programming difficulties
Not adaptable
Elements of a system
Interdependency
inputs
process
output
control
feedback
Must be multiple components that interact with each other in a concerted way
Interdependency
Data that is placed into the system from an external source - system users
Inputs
The overall functionality that the system contributes its various components towards achieving
Process
The product of the system. The end result of the various interdependent components of the system.
Output
Operation that works to prevent or correct problems as they occur throughout the process.
Control
An internal control mechanism that allows for the detection and correction of processing problems.
Feedback
Two types of systems
open and closed
These type of systems do not have fixed or permanent boundaries but are instead constantly being re-defined as they interact with the environment.
Open Systems
This type of system is self- contained and isolated from the environment (including other systems).
Closed systems
The boundaries of this type of system are distinct and fixed.
Closed systems
This type of system does not receive input from the environment and all output is contained within the system.
Closed systems
All adaptations must originate from the vendor
Closed systems
A group of computers linked together to increase efficiency or distribute computing power.
network system
What is the key reason to use a network system in a healthcare facility?
Data & all users use the same software making it easier for users to share information
Phases of the System Development Life Cycle
Needs assessment
System selection
Implementation
Maintenance
The phase where business requirements are collected from the future users of the system
Needs assessment
The phase where an information system is selected that can meet all of the gathered business requirements
System selection
The phase in which the system is scaled up and performance tested
Implementation
The phase where a help desk is set up for troubleshooting user problems, and the system is regularly backed - up and updated.
Maintenance
Extremely important phase of the system development life cycle
System selection
What are the three components of the system selection process?
Needs assessment
Request for proposal (RFP)
Contract negotiation
The first action takes place after the decision has been made to purchase a new system or upgrade an existing system.
Needs assessment
Information is gathered regarding the current state of the art and how the offerings in the marketplace meet the current defined needs of the organization, as well as future needs.
Needs assessment
Once the pool of potential vendors vendors has been narrowed down, what is the next step?
Request for proposal are sent
After Request for proposal is sent, evaluated, what happens next?
System is evaluated in action
The winning system is then selected and a ____________ is negotiated with the vendor.
Contract negotiation
One the contract is approved, what is the next step?
Implementation plans proceed
What items need to be evaluated when performing the system selection portion of the system development life cycle?
Costs related to hardware, and software
Facts about the vendor
System capabilities
Used early in system analysis to gather information from vendors, often in conjunction with requests for proposal and requests for quote
Request for Information (RFI)
Often done by letter, although some vendors now use email or accept on websites
Request for information (RFI)
What is the primary purpose in sending a Request for information to a variety of vendors?
To hep in the elimination and selection process
Steps to formation of a steering committee
Form the committee
Staff the committee - all levels of the organization
Establish a leader
Establish goals and objectives
Consult with consultant if necessary
Steps taken by the steering committee when researching a new information system
Verify the project fits the organization’s goals and objectives, Reach a consensus on the business requirements, scan the internal environment within the organization, look to the future to assess the longevity of the new system.
