Data Representation

Question 1

a line graph with a horizontal x-axis (independent variables) and a vertical y-axis (dependent variables, outcomes).

Answer 1

The run chart

Question 2

similar to the run chart, but it has a mean line (the average of the data points) as well as upper and lower control limit lines, based on normal distribution.

Answer 2

The control chart

Question 3

applied to the run chart or control chart.

Answer 3

Trending analysis

Question 4

Seven or more consecutive data points are all above or all below the median (run chart) or mean (control chart).

Answer 4

Run (shift)

Question 5

Seven or more consecutive data points are in either ascending or descending order with twenty-one or more total data points or six or more consecutive data points with fewer than twenty-one total data points.

Answer 5

Trend

Question 6

An up and down variation forms a sawtooth pattern with fourteen successive data points, suggestive of a systemic effect on data.

Answer 6

Cycle

Question 7

Data points unrelated to other points indicate a sentinel event or special-cause variation.

Answer 7

Astronomical value

Question 8

provides performance measures in relation to the mission and vision statement and goals and objectives.

Answer 8

Balanced scorecard

Question 9

includes not only the traditional financial information but also data about customers, internal processes, and education/learning.

Answer 9

Balanced scorecard

Question 10

provides a visual representation of the data that is easy to comprehend.

Answer 10

charts and graphs

Question 11

There are basically three types of graphs

Answer 11

line graphs, bar graphs, and pie charts.

Question 12

a graphic display of the relationship between two variables with one variable plotted on the x axis and the other on the y axis.

Answer 12

scattergram

Question 13

can be used to test for possible cause–effect relationships, although this type of relationship is not required, and is not proof of a correlation between data.

Answer 13

scattergram

Question 14

like the dashboard in a car, is an easy-to-read computer program that integrates a variety of performance measures or key indicators into one display (usually with graphs or charts) to provide an overview of an organization.

Answer 14

dashboard

Question 15

a common presentation with potential options, consequences, and expected outcomes.

Answer 15

a decision tree